psych chapter 4 quiz

circadian rhythms

The 24-hour bodily rhythm -tells pineal gland to secrete melatonin -sensitive to light -tells us when to wake/fall asleep

What is one of the problems with the purported benefits of meditation and mindfulness?

Meditation and mindfulness methods vary and cannot be generalized across all the various forms of the practice.

REM sleep

REM sleep; 90 percent of dreaming, sleep paralysis, vivid dreams, lighter sleep (20 percent of sleep)

altered state of consciousness

Shift in quality or pattern of mental activity

how does sleep help your body function

Sleep improves the body's immune functioning.

active ingredient in marijuana that affects learning, short-term memory, coordination, emotion, and appetite

THC

suggests that dreams are the by-product of the brain's random firing of neural impulses

activation synthesis theory

depressant examples

alcohol, barbiturates, opiates

hallucinogens

alter sensory input -marijuana, lsd, mushrooms, ecstasy

Which ethnic group has the lowest rate of illegal drug use?

asain americans

Narcolepsy

attacks of sleep during the day

feelings, thoughts, and aroused states of which we are aware

consciousness

stage 3 and 4 sleep

delta waves (slow); growth hormones released; hard to wake up

drug that inhibits or slows down normal neural functioning

depressant

memory theory

dreams help consolidate memory info and get rid of trivial details

threat stimulation theory

dreams help us prepare for potential threats

condition in which a person over 5 shows an inability to control urination during sleep

enuresis

Emilia was born with severe limb, head, and facial deformities. Which of the following words describes her condition?

fetal alcohol syndrome

birth condition resulting from the mother's chronic use of alcohol during pregnancy

fetal alcohol syndrome

sleep disorder in which a person cannot get to sleep and/or stay asleep

insomnia

microsleep

lasts a few seconds when deprived of sleep

stage 1 sleep

light sleep; hypnic jerk

according to Freud, what the dreamer recalls on awakening

manifest content

Which one of the following terms has a nickname of "Dracula hormone"?

melatonin

hormone in the body that facilitates sleep

melatonin

what happens when you do not get enough sleep?

micro sleeps sleep deprivation

brief episode of sleep that occurs in the midst of a wakeful activity

microsleep

emotional day for sleep

more REM sleep

physical day for sleep

more stage 4 sleep

As tolerance develops, what happens to the margin of safety?

narrows

substance that influences the brain and thereby the individual's behavior

psychoactive drug

group of cells signaling other areas when to be aroused and when to shut down

suprachiasmatic nucleaus (SCN)

sensory areas of cortex...

synthesize, make some sense of dream by using memories + life experience

stage 2 sleep

temp, breathing, and heart rate down

Which one of the following is the most reported sleep ritual in the US, Japan, Canada, Germany, Mexico, and the UK?

watching television

why do we dream

we need REM sleep and dreams

Vivian ran out of money and was unable to buy heroin. She began experiencing shaking, sweating, pain, and headaches. Which of the following words describes what she was experiencing?

withdraw

physical or behavioral effect that occurs after a person stops using a drug

withdraw

neodissociation theory

works on immediate consciousness, while hidden "observer" is aware of everything going on

Which one of the following statements is true about alcohol?

Chronic alcohol use can lead to Korsakoff's syndrome.

changes in bodily processes that occur repeatedly on approximately a 24- to 25-hour cycle

Circadian rhythm

Which one of the following is a true statement regarding the need for sleep?

Doing certain activities before bed can disrupt sleep.

Continuity Hypothesis

Dreams help us resolve daily problems / issues

What is the relationship between sleep and Alzheimer's disease?

During sleep, metabolites that are known to contribute to Alzheimer's disease are removed from the brain.

babies brain development in sleep

-In REM sleep, infants form new neural connections -Dreams give a sleeping brain periodic stimulation to develop + preserve neural pathways

stimulants

-activity of the nervous system -force release of energy chemicals ex:caffeine, cocaine, nicotine

dreams freud theory

-dreams as wish fulfillment -manifest content (events) -latent content

circadian rhythm disturbances

-working the night shift -jet lag and weekend lag

when we are deprived of sleep we show more of what

REM sleep or REM rebound

Which one of the following statements about sleep is true?

African Americans have more sleep problems than European Americans.

Which of the following drug classes are considered "downers"?

Barbiturates

Jermaine woke up not remembering what happened to him and noticed scratches and marks all over his chest. As the day progressed and after talking to a few friends, he remembered going out and having a drink. He met a girl, and things got blurry after that. What could have happened to Jermaine?

His drink was laced with Rohypnol.

Which one of the following statements about microsleep is true?

It appears to help a person survive by preventing total sleep deprivation.

What is thought to cause narcolepsy?

Loss of specific chemical-related neurons in the hypothalamus

condition in which normal muscle paralysis does not occur, leading to violent movements during sleep

REM behavior disorder

As the night progresses, what happens to the REM stage of sleep?

REM periods increase

loss of REM sleep is recouped by spending more time in REM on subsequent nights

REM rebound

active state of unconsciousness in which the person's eyes move

REM sleep

waking consciousness

Thoughts, feelings, sensations are clear

dreams created to explain what

brain stem activation during REM

What are substances - psychoactive drugs?

chemicals used to alter state of consciousness (thinking, perception, and memory)

drug that simultaneously excites and inhibits normal neural activity, thereby causing distortions in perception

hallucinogen

why do we sleep?

helps recover, grow, boosts immunity, keeps mind alert, improves mood, helps us learn/remember/problem solve

state of heightened suggestibility

hypnosis

how does sleep deprivation impair someone's daily functioning

impairs concentration, memory, results in irritability

very frightening non-REM sleep episode

night terror

brief scary REM dream that is often remembered

nightmare

relaxing state of unconsciousness in which the person's eyes do not move

non-REM sleep

painkilling drug that depresses some brain areas and excites others

opiate

Which one of the following issues can be successfully treated with hypnosis and has been extensively documented for doing so?

pain relief

opiates

related drugs that suppress pain + mimic endorphins

hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness, but a cognitive set responding to suggestions

response set theory of hypnosis

On which of the following neurotransmitters does LSD act?

serotonin

pons in dreaming

signals to thalamus

disturbance in the normal pattern of sleeping

sleep disorder

examples of altered states of consciousness

sleep walking, daydreaming, sleep deprivation

Which one of the following stages of sleep is characterized by sleep spindles?

stage 2

drug that speeds up normal brain functioning

stimulant

condition in which a person cannot control his or her drug use

substance use disorder

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?

the hypothalamus

according to Freud, the symbolic meaning of a dream

the latent content

suggests dreaming is a biological defense mechanism for rehearsing responses to potential events

threat simulation theory

thalamus in dreaming

to sensory areas of cortex

condition in which more of a drug is needed to achieve the same effect

tolerance