psych chapter 4 quiz
circadian rhythms
The 24-hour bodily rhythm -tells pineal gland to secrete melatonin -sensitive to light -tells us when to wake/fall asleep
What is one of the problems with the purported benefits of meditation and mindfulness?
Meditation and mindfulness methods vary and cannot be generalized across all the various forms of the practice.
REM sleep
REM sleep; 90 percent of dreaming, sleep paralysis, vivid dreams, lighter sleep (20 percent of sleep)
altered state of consciousness
Shift in quality or pattern of mental activity
how does sleep help your body function
Sleep improves the body's immune functioning.
active ingredient in marijuana that affects learning, short-term memory, coordination, emotion, and appetite
THC
suggests that dreams are the by-product of the brain's random firing of neural impulses
activation synthesis theory
depressant examples
alcohol, barbiturates, opiates
hallucinogens
alter sensory input -marijuana, lsd, mushrooms, ecstasy
Which ethnic group has the lowest rate of illegal drug use?
asain americans
Narcolepsy
attacks of sleep during the day
feelings, thoughts, and aroused states of which we are aware
consciousness
stage 3 and 4 sleep
delta waves (slow); growth hormones released; hard to wake up
drug that inhibits or slows down normal neural functioning
depressant
memory theory
dreams help consolidate memory info and get rid of trivial details
threat stimulation theory
dreams help us prepare for potential threats
condition in which a person over 5 shows an inability to control urination during sleep
enuresis
Emilia was born with severe limb, head, and facial deformities. Which of the following words describes her condition?
fetal alcohol syndrome
birth condition resulting from the mother's chronic use of alcohol during pregnancy
fetal alcohol syndrome
sleep disorder in which a person cannot get to sleep and/or stay asleep
insomnia
microsleep
lasts a few seconds when deprived of sleep
stage 1 sleep
light sleep; hypnic jerk
according to Freud, what the dreamer recalls on awakening
manifest content
Which one of the following terms has a nickname of "Dracula hormone"?
melatonin
hormone in the body that facilitates sleep
melatonin
what happens when you do not get enough sleep?
micro sleeps sleep deprivation
brief episode of sleep that occurs in the midst of a wakeful activity
microsleep
emotional day for sleep
more REM sleep
physical day for sleep
more stage 4 sleep
As tolerance develops, what happens to the margin of safety?
narrows
substance that influences the brain and thereby the individual's behavior
psychoactive drug
group of cells signaling other areas when to be aroused and when to shut down
suprachiasmatic nucleaus (SCN)
sensory areas of cortex...
synthesize, make some sense of dream by using memories + life experience
stage 2 sleep
temp, breathing, and heart rate down
Which one of the following is the most reported sleep ritual in the US, Japan, Canada, Germany, Mexico, and the UK?
watching television
why do we dream
we need REM sleep and dreams
Vivian ran out of money and was unable to buy heroin. She began experiencing shaking, sweating, pain, and headaches. Which of the following words describes what she was experiencing?
withdraw
physical or behavioral effect that occurs after a person stops using a drug
withdraw
neodissociation theory
works on immediate consciousness, while hidden "observer" is aware of everything going on
Which one of the following statements is true about alcohol?
Chronic alcohol use can lead to Korsakoff's syndrome.
changes in bodily processes that occur repeatedly on approximately a 24- to 25-hour cycle
Circadian rhythm
Which one of the following is a true statement regarding the need for sleep?
Doing certain activities before bed can disrupt sleep.
Continuity Hypothesis
Dreams help us resolve daily problems / issues
What is the relationship between sleep and Alzheimer's disease?
During sleep, metabolites that are known to contribute to Alzheimer's disease are removed from the brain.
babies brain development in sleep
-In REM sleep, infants form new neural connections -Dreams give a sleeping brain periodic stimulation to develop + preserve neural pathways
stimulants
-activity of the nervous system -force release of energy chemicals ex:caffeine, cocaine, nicotine
dreams freud theory
-dreams as wish fulfillment -manifest content (events) -latent content
circadian rhythm disturbances
-working the night shift -jet lag and weekend lag
when we are deprived of sleep we show more of what
REM sleep or REM rebound
Which one of the following statements about sleep is true?
African Americans have more sleep problems than European Americans.
Which of the following drug classes are considered "downers"?
Barbiturates
Jermaine woke up not remembering what happened to him and noticed scratches and marks all over his chest. As the day progressed and after talking to a few friends, he remembered going out and having a drink. He met a girl, and things got blurry after that. What could have happened to Jermaine?
His drink was laced with Rohypnol.
Which one of the following statements about microsleep is true?
It appears to help a person survive by preventing total sleep deprivation.
What is thought to cause narcolepsy?
Loss of specific chemical-related neurons in the hypothalamus
condition in which normal muscle paralysis does not occur, leading to violent movements during sleep
REM behavior disorder
As the night progresses, what happens to the REM stage of sleep?
REM periods increase
loss of REM sleep is recouped by spending more time in REM on subsequent nights
REM rebound
active state of unconsciousness in which the person's eyes move
REM sleep
waking consciousness
Thoughts, feelings, sensations are clear
dreams created to explain what
brain stem activation during REM
What are substances - psychoactive drugs?
chemicals used to alter state of consciousness (thinking, perception, and memory)
drug that simultaneously excites and inhibits normal neural activity, thereby causing distortions in perception
hallucinogen
why do we sleep?
helps recover, grow, boosts immunity, keeps mind alert, improves mood, helps us learn/remember/problem solve
state of heightened suggestibility
hypnosis
how does sleep deprivation impair someone's daily functioning
impairs concentration, memory, results in irritability
very frightening non-REM sleep episode
night terror
brief scary REM dream that is often remembered
nightmare
relaxing state of unconsciousness in which the person's eyes do not move
non-REM sleep
painkilling drug that depresses some brain areas and excites others
opiate
Which one of the following issues can be successfully treated with hypnosis and has been extensively documented for doing so?
pain relief
opiates
related drugs that suppress pain + mimic endorphins
hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness, but a cognitive set responding to suggestions
response set theory of hypnosis
On which of the following neurotransmitters does LSD act?
serotonin
pons in dreaming
signals to thalamus
disturbance in the normal pattern of sleeping
sleep disorder
examples of altered states of consciousness
sleep walking, daydreaming, sleep deprivation
Which one of the following stages of sleep is characterized by sleep spindles?
stage 2
drug that speeds up normal brain functioning
stimulant
condition in which a person cannot control his or her drug use
substance use disorder
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?
the hypothalamus
according to Freud, the symbolic meaning of a dream
the latent content
suggests dreaming is a biological defense mechanism for rehearsing responses to potential events
threat simulation theory
thalamus in dreaming
to sensory areas of cortex
condition in which more of a drug is needed to achieve the same effect
tolerance