PSYCH CHP4-5

Due to health complications from diabetes, Molly's pregnancy had to be terminated during the third month in order to save her life. In what stage of prenatal development did she have the termination?

Fetus

habituation

Habituation is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

At 19, Celia is beginning to plan for her future. She no longer lives for the moment. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has to buckle down in school. What is probably happening to Celia?

Her frontal lobes are growing.

Hussein is concerned because he cannot remember events from before he was about 4 years old. What is the most likely cause for this infantile amnesia?

His brain's rapid neuron growth in the early years disrupted circuits that stored memories of events that occurred during that time.

Which of the following statements BEST represents contemporary thinking on the nature-nurture issue?

The relationship between genetics and environment is interactive; each influences the other.

Research conducted by Belyaev and Trut has shown that __________ can be domesticated over the course of many generations, by selecting and mating animals with certain traits (e.g., responses to feeding, handling, etc.).

foxes

In part, the trademark impulsivity of adolescence reflects that brain development proceeds more slowly in the brain's _____ than in its _____.

frontal lobe; limbic system

Heritability refers to the extent to which trait variations among individuals can be attributed to their differing:

genes.

Epigenetics studies the molecular mechanisms by which environments can trigger or block:

genetic expression.

Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to:

genetic predispositions.

The percentage of variation within a given population that is due to heredity is called:

heritability.

Research has shown that among American couples that live together before marriage, there are:

higher rates of divorce

All of these are difficult for older adults EXCEPT:

determining if the information is meaningful.

Raul is 20 years old and still very much dependent on his parents. They are paying for his college tuition as well as his living expenses. He spends his school holidays at home with them. According to some researchers, he is in the phase of life known as _____ adulthood.

emerging adulthood

Environmental factors such as diet, drugs, or stress can alter gene expression by affecting:

epigenetic molecules.

Most people achieve which of Piaget's intellectual stages during adolescence?

formal operations

The period of adolescence is lengthening in industrialized cultures such as in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States is now 29 for men and _______ for women.

27

Alzheimer's disease strikes ___ percent of the world's population by age 75.

3

Among your _____ chromosomes, ____ are unisex.

46;45

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as:

the social clock.

The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget is best known for his:

theory proposing that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development.

Studies of _____ has most clearly increased scientific appreciation for the importance of genetic influences in _____.

identical twins who have been reared apart; personality development

Sixteen-year-old Jeremy is trying out different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. Jeremy is in the stage of development called:

identity vs role confusion

There is a gradual decline in female fertility as women age. As an example, for women ___________, a single act of intercourse is only half as likely to produce a pregnancy as it would for a woman 19 to 26 years old.

in their 30s

To most people the sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive that they immediately recognize it as immoral. This BEST illustrates that moral judgments may possibly reflect:

unconscious decision making.

External influences on development including prenatal nutrition are said to constitute:

our environment

Stage theories have contributed a developmental perspective on the entire life span by suggesting the idea that:

people of one age think and act differently when they arrive at a later age.

When an infant gazes more intently at a new stimulus, researchers conclude that the infant recognizes that stimulus as being new to the infant. It follows that the infant:

remembers the original stimulus, thus making the new stimulus seem different.

Studies show that if a girl develops physically ahead of her emotional maturity, this combination can cause the girl to be prone to:

severe anxiety.

There are many computerized game programs that are designed to improve cognitive functioning and reduce cognitive decline by exercising both memory and attention. Research has shown that those who engage in such games:

show improvement in the practiced skills.

The first menstrual period in girls occurs usually within a year of age ____, and it is known as _____________.

12.5; menarche

A researcher secretly puts a dab of rouge on a child's nose before placing him in front of a mirror. A child who recognizes himself in the mirror will touch his own nose when he sees the red spot. This self-recognition begins at approximately:

15 to 18 months of age.

_____ is the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

Adolescence

concrete operational thought

In concrete operational thought, a child develops an ability to think logically and to make rational judgments about concrete or observable phenomena, which in the past he or she needed to manipulate physically to understand.

insecure attachments

Insecure attachment is a form of attachment between infant and caregiver that develops as a result of the caregiver's lack of sensitive responding to the infant's needs.

Bernice is 62. She is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.

Middle

Your neighbor is 5 months pregnant and still smoking about a pack of cigarettes a day. Perhaps she is unaware that nicotine is a(n) _________ for the fetus.

Teratogen

______________ are agents (e.g., chemicals, viruses) that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause it harm.

Teratogens

Understanding that individual development results from genetics, environment, as well as beliefs, feelings, and expectations would be provided by:

a biopsychosocial approach.

Studies in which people of different ages are compared with one another are called:

cross-sectional studies.

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every three years is conducting a(n) _____________ study.

longitudinal

The first menstrual period in girls in the United States occurs usually within a year of age 12, and it is known as _____.

menarche

Environmental factors such as diet, drugs, or stress can alter gene expression by affecting:

natural selection

What marks the beginning of adolescence?

physical signs of sexual maturation

Faruq believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ______ morality.

postconventional morality

The three distinct levels of moral reasoning that Kohlberg proposed are:

preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Reflecting a use-it-or-lose-it approach, unused synaptic connections are eliminated during infancy and childhood in a process called _____.

pruning

Mutual constitution is

the idea that societies and individuals influence one another