Psychology final

being bedridden due to illness

In which of the following scenarios is the need for compensation for older adults the MOST obvious?

40

Lung capacity drops _____ percent between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present.

cellular clock

_____ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.

estrogen production and the additional X chromosome

which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases?

South Africa

which of the following countries had the lowest estimated life expectancy in 2011?

poorer health and earlier death in older adults

A low level of social integration is linked with

positive

A new study revealed that older adults report more ______ emotions than younger adults in both the morning and the evening.

semantic

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory.

improved cognitive functioning

A potential benefit of working in an occupation with a high level of mental demand is:

increased

A recent study found that activities with friends _____ positive affect and life satisfaction in older adults.

higher

A recent study found that older adults with _____ levels of education had better cognitive functioning.

selective

An example of _____ attention is the ability to focus on one voice among many in a crowded room or a noisy restaurant.

compensation

According to Baltes, _____ becomes relevant when life tasks require a level of capacity beyond the current level of the older adult's performance potential.

optimization

According to Baltes, which of the following factors suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies?

reproductive fitness

According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to _____, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood

it does not appear until late middle adulthood or late adulthood

According to evolutionary theory, which of the following is the reason Alzheimer disease not been eliminated by evolution?

neuroticism

According to recent research, severe depression in older adults was associated with higher:

more

According to research, each successive generation in the twentieth and now the twenty-first century is _____ educated than generations prior.

happy or very happy

According to studies conducted, the majority of older adults evaluate their marriages as

telomeres

According to the cellular clock theory, after about 70 or 80 replications, the cell no longer can reproduce and the _____ are dramatically reduced.

three

Adult daughters are _____ times more likely than are adult sons to give parents assistance with daily living activities.

choose close friends over new friends as they grow older

Aging expert Laura Carstensen concluded that people:

one-third

Approximately _____ of the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12 percent of the population.

6

Approximately what percentage of U.S. men 65 years of age and older were living in poverty in 2010?

11

Approximately what percentage of U.S. women 65 years of age and older were living in poverty in 2010?

30

Approximately what percentage of adults age 65 or over were widowed in 2012?

decreases

Attachment anxiety _____ as one ages.

the yellowing of the lens of the eye

Color vision declines with age due to:

depression

Data from a recent longitudinal study found that internet use by older adults was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of developing:

demyelination

Deterioration of the myelin sheath that encases axons is called:

reduction in symptoms of disease

For older adults, social support is linked to a(n):

semantic

Frank, age 67, recites a poem that he learned in grade school, much to the amazement of his grandchildren. This is an example of Frank's _____ memory

cataracts

Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lens of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is

semantic

Helen's knowledge of calculus and statistics is a part of her _____ memory.

3

In 2010, _____ percent of older adults were cohabiting.

twice

In 2010, almost _____as many U.S. women 65 years and older lived in poverty as did their male counterparts.

58

In 2012, _____ percent of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.

secure attachment

In late adulthood, which type of attachment is associated with greater psychological and physical well-being?

it was found to increase longevity

In the study by Rodin and Langer, which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives?

45

Internet use by older adults rose approximately _____ percent from 2000 to 2013.

glaucoma

Jace has been diagnosed with _____, a condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve due to buildup of fluid in the eye.

selection, optimization, and compensation

Life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes and his colleagues believe that successful aging is related to three main factors:

slower perceptual speed

Older adults have more difficulty determining the time required to step on the brakes when a traffic light suddenly turns red. This is because they have:

ageism

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as:

positive

Recent studies have led researchers to conclude that the emotional life of older adults is more _____ than once thought.

implicit

Remembering how to ride a bike without having to consciously think about it is a part of an individual's _____ memory.

episodic

Remembering where you went on vacation last summer is an example of _____ memory.

injecting it with telomerase

Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by:

an increase in physical and mental health problems in older adults

Researchers have found that poverty in late adulthood is linked to:

parkinson disease

Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with:

conscientiousness

Studies on the Big Five factors of personality found that transition into late adulthood was characterized by increases in the aspects of impulse control, reliability, and conventionality. To which Big Five personality factor do these aspects belong?

stem cell regeneration

Telomeres and telomerase are increasingly thought to be key components of the _____ process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging.

hippocampus

The _____ is involved in memory.

olfactory bulb

The _____ is involved in smell.

prefrontal cortex

The _____ is one area that shrinks more than others with aging

myopia

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major diseases that can impair the vision of older adults?

Medicare

The health-care needs of older adults are reflected in _____, the program that provides health-care insurance to adults over 65 under the Social Security system.

their greater longevity

The majority of divorced older adults are women due to:

selection

The model of selective optimization with compensation proposes that successful aging is related to three main factors. Which of these factors is based on the concept that, in old age, there is a reduced capacity and loss of functioning that mandate a reduction of performance in most domains of life?

improved hearing and vision

The physical benefits for older adults who exercise include all of the following EXCEPT:

mitochondria

The tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair are known as:

depth perception

The vision of older adults can be affected by age-related changes. One of these changes, which can make steps and curbs difficult to manage, is a decline in:

activity theory

Vashti believes that the more energetic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus she believes in

socioemotional selectivity theory

Voletta believes that older adults become more selective about their social networks as they age. She is a proponent of:

reminiscience

When working with older clients, some clinicians use _____ therapy. Vanda is in one such therapy program and her clinician has her discussing past activities and experiences with other individuals in her group.

free-radical theory

Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?

older adults have more selective social networks and a greater acceptance of solitude

Which of the following could be the probable reason why older adults tend to report being less lonely than younger adults?

integrity vs. despair

Which of the following is Erikson's eighth stage of development?

they attempt to explain aging at the cellular level

Which of the following is a similarity of the cellular clock, free-radical, and mitochondrial theories?

john summarizes the plot of a novel that he has just read to his friend

Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?

typing on the computer while talking to a friend

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

the chest size decreases

Which of the following is observed in older adults?

life review

Which of the following is prominent in Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair?

disrespect for older adults

Which of the following is the MOST frequent form of ageism?

research indicates that middle-aged and older adult cohabiting men and women reported higher levels of depression than their married counterparts

Which of the following statements about cohabiting older adults is TRUE? A. Cohabiting older adults were more likely to receive partner care than married older adults, as per latest research.

social support has not been shown to affect depression in older adults

Which of the following statements about social support for older adults is FALSE?

episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults

Which of the following statements about the relationship between semantic memory and aging is TRUE?

socioemotional selectivity theory

Which of the following theories explains why older adults spend MOST of their time with familiar individuals and family?

they place a high value on emotional satisfaction

Why, according to the socioemotional selectivity theory, do older adults deliberately increase the time spent with close friends and family members?

both brain weight and brain volume decreases

With age:

telomeres

_____ are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes

falls

_____ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older

wrinkles and age spots

_____ are the most noticeable changes in physical appearance in late adulthood.

sustained

_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment.

osteoporosis

_____ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue.

perceptual speed

_____ is a cognitive resource that involves the ability to perform tasks such as deciding whether pairs of two-digit or two-letter strings are the same or different or determining the time required to step on the brakes when the car directly ahead stops.

macular dengeneration

_____ is a condition in which individuals may have relatively normal peripheral vision but are unable to see clearly what is right in front of them.

wisdom

_____ is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits practical judgment about important matters.

arthritis

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood

implicit

_____ memory is memory without conscious recollection.

78.7 years

what is the average life expectancy for individuals born today in the US?