Psychology final
being bedridden due to illness
In which of the following scenarios is the need for compensation for older adults the MOST obvious?
40
Lung capacity drops _____ percent between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present.
cellular clock
_____ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing.
estrogen production and the additional X chromosome
which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases?
South Africa
which of the following countries had the lowest estimated life expectancy in 2011?
poorer health and earlier death in older adults
A low level of social integration is linked with
positive
A new study revealed that older adults report more ______ emotions than younger adults in both the morning and the evening.
semantic
A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory.
improved cognitive functioning
A potential benefit of working in an occupation with a high level of mental demand is:
increased
A recent study found that activities with friends _____ positive affect and life satisfaction in older adults.
higher
A recent study found that older adults with _____ levels of education had better cognitive functioning.
selective
An example of _____ attention is the ability to focus on one voice among many in a crowded room or a noisy restaurant.
compensation
According to Baltes, _____ becomes relevant when life tasks require a level of capacity beyond the current level of the older adult's performance potential.
optimization
According to Baltes, which of the following factors suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies?
reproductive fitness
According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to _____, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood
it does not appear until late middle adulthood or late adulthood
According to evolutionary theory, which of the following is the reason Alzheimer disease not been eliminated by evolution?
neuroticism
According to recent research, severe depression in older adults was associated with higher:
more
According to research, each successive generation in the twentieth and now the twenty-first century is _____ educated than generations prior.
happy or very happy
According to studies conducted, the majority of older adults evaluate their marriages as
telomeres
According to the cellular clock theory, after about 70 or 80 replications, the cell no longer can reproduce and the _____ are dramatically reduced.
three
Adult daughters are _____ times more likely than are adult sons to give parents assistance with daily living activities.
choose close friends over new friends as they grow older
Aging expert Laura Carstensen concluded that people:
one-third
Approximately _____ of the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12 percent of the population.
6
Approximately what percentage of U.S. men 65 years of age and older were living in poverty in 2010?
11
Approximately what percentage of U.S. women 65 years of age and older were living in poverty in 2010?
30
Approximately what percentage of adults age 65 or over were widowed in 2012?
decreases
Attachment anxiety _____ as one ages.
the yellowing of the lens of the eye
Color vision declines with age due to:
depression
Data from a recent longitudinal study found that internet use by older adults was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of developing:
demyelination
Deterioration of the myelin sheath that encases axons is called:
reduction in symptoms of disease
For older adults, social support is linked to a(n):
semantic
Frank, age 67, recites a poem that he learned in grade school, much to the amazement of his grandchildren. This is an example of Frank's _____ memory
cataracts
Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lens of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is
semantic
Helen's knowledge of calculus and statistics is a part of her _____ memory.
3
In 2010, _____ percent of older adults were cohabiting.
twice
In 2010, almost _____as many U.S. women 65 years and older lived in poverty as did their male counterparts.
58
In 2012, _____ percent of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.
secure attachment
In late adulthood, which type of attachment is associated with greater psychological and physical well-being?
it was found to increase longevity
In the study by Rodin and Langer, which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives?
45
Internet use by older adults rose approximately _____ percent from 2000 to 2013.
glaucoma
Jace has been diagnosed with _____, a condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve due to buildup of fluid in the eye.
selection, optimization, and compensation
Life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes and his colleagues believe that successful aging is related to three main factors:
slower perceptual speed
Older adults have more difficulty determining the time required to step on the brakes when a traffic light suddenly turns red. This is because they have:
ageism
Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as:
positive
Recent studies have led researchers to conclude that the emotional life of older adults is more _____ than once thought.
implicit
Remembering how to ride a bike without having to consciously think about it is a part of an individual's _____ memory.
episodic
Remembering where you went on vacation last summer is an example of _____ memory.
injecting it with telomerase
Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by:
an increase in physical and mental health problems in older adults
Researchers have found that poverty in late adulthood is linked to:
parkinson disease
Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with:
conscientiousness
Studies on the Big Five factors of personality found that transition into late adulthood was characterized by increases in the aspects of impulse control, reliability, and conventionality. To which Big Five personality factor do these aspects belong?
stem cell regeneration
Telomeres and telomerase are increasingly thought to be key components of the _____ process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging.
hippocampus
The _____ is involved in memory.
olfactory bulb
The _____ is involved in smell.
prefrontal cortex
The _____ is one area that shrinks more than others with aging
myopia
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major diseases that can impair the vision of older adults?
Medicare
The health-care needs of older adults are reflected in _____, the program that provides health-care insurance to adults over 65 under the Social Security system.
their greater longevity
The majority of divorced older adults are women due to:
selection
The model of selective optimization with compensation proposes that successful aging is related to three main factors. Which of these factors is based on the concept that, in old age, there is a reduced capacity and loss of functioning that mandate a reduction of performance in most domains of life?
improved hearing and vision
The physical benefits for older adults who exercise include all of the following EXCEPT:
mitochondria
The tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair are known as:
depth perception
The vision of older adults can be affected by age-related changes. One of these changes, which can make steps and curbs difficult to manage, is a decline in:
activity theory
Vashti believes that the more energetic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus she believes in
socioemotional selectivity theory
Voletta believes that older adults become more selective about their social networks as they age. She is a proponent of:
reminiscience
When working with older clients, some clinicians use _____ therapy. Vanda is in one such therapy program and her clinician has her discussing past activities and experiences with other individuals in her group.
free-radical theory
Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?
older adults have more selective social networks and a greater acceptance of solitude
Which of the following could be the probable reason why older adults tend to report being less lonely than younger adults?
integrity vs. despair
Which of the following is Erikson's eighth stage of development?
they attempt to explain aging at the cellular level
Which of the following is a similarity of the cellular clock, free-radical, and mitochondrial theories?
john summarizes the plot of a novel that he has just read to his friend
Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?
typing on the computer while talking to a friend
Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?
the chest size decreases
Which of the following is observed in older adults?
life review
Which of the following is prominent in Erikson's final stage of integrity versus despair?
disrespect for older adults
Which of the following is the MOST frequent form of ageism?
research indicates that middle-aged and older adult cohabiting men and women reported higher levels of depression than their married counterparts
Which of the following statements about cohabiting older adults is TRUE? A. Cohabiting older adults were more likely to receive partner care than married older adults, as per latest research.
social support has not been shown to affect depression in older adults
Which of the following statements about social support for older adults is FALSE?
episodic memory declines more than semantic memory in older adults
Which of the following statements about the relationship between semantic memory and aging is TRUE?
socioemotional selectivity theory
Which of the following theories explains why older adults spend MOST of their time with familiar individuals and family?
they place a high value on emotional satisfaction
Why, according to the socioemotional selectivity theory, do older adults deliberately increase the time spent with close friends and family members?
both brain weight and brain volume decreases
With age:
telomeres
_____ are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes
falls
_____ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older
wrinkles and age spots
_____ are the most noticeable changes in physical appearance in late adulthood.
sustained
_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment.
osteoporosis
_____ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue.
perceptual speed
_____ is a cognitive resource that involves the ability to perform tasks such as deciding whether pairs of two-digit or two-letter strings are the same or different or determining the time required to step on the brakes when the car directly ahead stops.
macular dengeneration
_____ is a condition in which individuals may have relatively normal peripheral vision but are unable to see clearly what is right in front of them.
wisdom
_____ is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits practical judgment about important matters.
arthritis
_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood
implicit
_____ memory is memory without conscious recollection.
78.7 years
what is the average life expectancy for individuals born today in the US?
