quiz 6

how does structural strain theory explain the existence of deviance?

Deviance is the result of the tension between socially approved goals and an individual's ability to meet those goals through socially approved means.

Angela's mother says to her, "I don't want you to hang around with Melissa. She's going to be a bad influence on you." The mother may not know it, but she's subscribing to which theory?

differential association theory

The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called:

differential association theory

Sociological research has consistently shown that, as punishments because more sever, the crime rate declines.

false

According to Merton's structural strain theory, an individual who deals drugs in order to get rich would be called a/an:

innovator

How do sociologist define positive deviance?

instances, where a rule violation is, or seems to be, an admirable act that should be supported

according to labeling theory, why were none of the pseudopatients in David Rosenhan's "On being san is insane places" discovered?

once a person has been labeled "mentally ill," it is very hard for everyone to see past the label

Robert Merton developed structural strain theory to explain why deviance happens. What sort of strain does the theory's name refer to?

strain between socially approved goals and the means an individual has for realizing them

which sociological theory what agreement with the following statement: "Deviance helps society clarify moral boundaries and promotes social cohesion"?

structural functionalism

according to the structural strain theory of deviance as articulated by Robert Merton, what is one of the principal reasons that people turn to deviant in the united states?

the goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means to achieve that goal

How do self-fulfilling prophecies work?

We respond not only to the objective features of a situation, but also to its meaning. Once meaning has been assigned to our behavior, the consequences of that behavior are determined by the meaning.

Stealing avocados, or almost any other agricultural product, is a felony in California if the product is worth more than $100. Supporters of the law believe that it is the only way to protect farmers from vagrants and transients who can ruin the viability of small farms. However if you believe that such laws also target homeless people who are simply trying to eat, and that they are punished because they have almost no power within society, then you are probably a:

conflict theorist

which sociological theory would agree with the following statement: "Deviance is defined by the powerful, and the behaviors of the less powerful are more likely to be criminalized than the behaviors of the powerful"?

conflict theory

if you got pulled over for speeding and the punishment was 20 years in prison, it might make you re-consider the speed of what you drive, right? This idea is called:

deterrence

A man is riding on a bus when suddenly, for no reason, he stands up and yells, "FIRE! FIRE!" There is clearly no fire, and people are really irritated at the delay this causes. His behavior was:

deviance

if someone breaks into your house or car with that person has committed

property crimes

David Rosenhan argues that misdiagnosis is particularly a problem for psychologists, as a diagnosis of a mental illness is an influential on the patient as it is on her relatives and friends. It should not surprise anyone that the diagnosis acts as a(n):

self-fulfilling prophecy

Johnny got sick and missed a week of school. He failed the test when he came back. His friends called him stupid. He was so upset that he didn't wanna go back to school, so he skipped a lot of classes. His teacher said that he wasn't a good student, so he decided to drop out of school. what happened?

self-fulfilling prophecy

What did Robert Merton call a prediction that came true only because the prediction was made?

self-fulfilling prophecy

W.I. Thomas famously argued that "if men define situations as real, then ___"

they are real in their consequences."

According to the structural functionalist theory, the function of deviance is to help clarify moral boundaries and affirm social

true

Sociologists argue that no behavior, not even one designed to kill a great number of people, is inherently deviant

true

Which of the following would sociologist consider the best definition of deviance?

violations of social norms

insider trading is an example of

white collar crimes