Reinforcement

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)

- In this intervention, the reinforcer is given as long as the targeted inappropriate behavior does not occur or it is given in the absence of targeted behavior. - This serves to directly decrease the inappropriate behavior.

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

- In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when another behavior is used or observed. - This intervention differs from DRA because the new behavior is incompatible with the inappropriate behavior. *For example, a student will receive reinforcement for sitting appropriately. Sitting is incompatible with running because the two cannot occur at the same time. Increasing sitting behavior will result in a decrease in running behavior

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)

- In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when another more appropriate behavior is used or observed. -This intervention serves to increase the appropriate behavior while decreasing the inappropriate behavior. - Functional Communication Training (FCT) is one type of DRA intervention. DRA interventions are often used to teach replacement behaviors for challenging behaviors

Differential Reinforcement of Higher Rates of Behavior (DRH)

- In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when the behavior occurs at a higher rate than before. - This intervention serves to increase desirable behaviors which decrease the amount of time available for inappropriate behaviors.

Fixed-Interval Schedule (FI)

- Reinforcement becomes available after a specific period of time. The schedule is abbreviated into "FI" followed by the amount of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes available, e.g. an FI2 would mean reinforcement becomes available after 2 minutes has passed; an FI20 means 20 minutes must pass and so on.

Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement (CRF)

- Reinforcement is delivered after every correct response from their student(s)

Fixed-Ratio Schedule (FR)

- Reinforcement should be delivered after a constant or "fixed" number of correct responses.

Variable-Ratio Schedule (VR)

- Reinforcement will "vary" but must average out at a specific number. Just like a fixed-ratio schedule, a variable-ratio schedule can be any number but must be defined.

Variable-Interval Schedule (VI)

- The time periods that must pass before reinforcement becomes available will "vary" but must average out at a specific time interval. Again the time interval can be any number but must be defined.

Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of Behavior (DRL)

-In this intervention, the reinforcer is given when the behavior occurs at a lower rate than before. -This intervention serves to directly decrease the rate of inappropriate behaviors.

Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement The Four basic types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement and these are:

Fixed-Ratio (FR) Schedule. Fixed Interval (FI) Schedule. Variable-Ratio (VR) schedule. Variable-Interval (VI) schedule.