S-Phase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
S-phase
All features of the chromosome structure, including the protein packaging (histones), must be reproduced
kinetochore to the microtubules
Chromosomes must be properly attached via the _____________ to the ________________ of the spindle apparatus to prevent instability
G2/M
DNA Replication is completed before G2/M
S
DNA synthesis/replication is initiated
Kinetochore
Giant multilayered protein structure built on hetero-chromatin that forms the centromeric region of the chromosomes
gene amplification
In S-phase every nucleotide must be copied once to prevent ________ __________
G1
Pre-replication Complex (pre-RC) assembles at origin of replication
Prometaphase
nuclear envelope breaks down; chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules via kinetochore
Telophase
two sets of chromosomes arrive at poles and de-condense as nuclear envelope reassembles
cytokinesis
cytoplasmic division by contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments
mutations
Replication must occur with extreme accuracy to minimize the risk of _____________
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles
S-phase
Sub-phase of interphase where DNA is duplicated or replicated
Metaphase
chromosomes align at equator of spindle
Prophase
condensation of chromosomes; two sister chromatids
Mitosis
separation of chromosomes