SCM 405: CH 3
Flow rate =
= minimum {demand, process capacity} = maximum {40 customer/hour, 30 customers/hour} = 30 customers/hour
What shape is used to represent resources in a process flow diagram?
Box
Processes that are demand constrained _______ have bottlenecks.
Do
TRUE OR FALSE Utilization can be greater than 100%.
FALSE
A _______ ________ _______is a graphical way to describe a process.
Process Flow Diagram
Understanding the location of the _______ is critical for improving a process.
bottleneck
Inventory ________ accumulate between workers in a worker-paced line.
can
Process analysis ________ be used with both manufacturing and service businesses.
can
If process capacity is 60 units per hour and customers desire 80 units per hour, then the process is _________-constrained.
capacity
From Little's Law we see that if cycle time increases while flow time stays the same, then inventory must ________.
decrease
If the flow time for a process decreases, then the time to finish X units starting with empty inventory buffers will ______.
decrease
In a situation with only one employee, if processing time increases, then the capacity of the resource _______.
decreases
If process capacity is 100 units per hour and customers desire 80 units per hour, then the process is _________-constrained.
demand
If the utilization of the bottleneck is less than 100%, then the process is _______ constrained.
demand
The ________ rate is the number of flow units that customers want per unit of time.
demand
A process flow diagram is a graphical way to Blank______ the process.
describe
As cycle time increases, the time to make Q units ________.
increases
Resources help the flow units move from being units of _______ to becoming units of ________.
input. output
__________ is a mismatch between supply and demand.
inventory
Imagine a capacity constrained process with multiple employees working. If the number of employees increases, what will happen to the cycle time for the process?
it will decrease
If cycle time stays constant, but inventory goes down, what will happen to lead time?
it will go down
If inventory goes up, but flow time stays constant, what will happen to cycle time?
it will go down
Process capacity determines the ________ supply of the process.
maximum
The processing time of a resource is how long that particular resource takes to complete __________ flow unit.
one
A rigorous framework for understanding the detailed operations of a business is known as ____________.
process analysis
__________ are shown as rectangular boxes in the process flow diagram
resources or activities
What are appropriate units for throughput? -Burgers/second -Customers -Customers/minute -Seconds
-Burgers/second -Customers/minute
If the cycle time is 2 minutes/customer then how many customers are served per hour?
30 =minutes per hour / time per customer
A coffee shop's capacity is _________ per hour if there are 2 baristas and the processing time is 90 seconds per customer.
80 capacity = m/processing time = m= # of employees
cycle time
= 1 / flow rate
utilization
= flow rate / capacity
TRUE OR FALSE In a worker-paced line, each worker always works at the same rate.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE Process analysis is only applicable to manufacturing settings.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE The utilization of a non-bottleneck resource can be greater than that of the bottleneck.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE The bottleneck is the resource with the longest processing time.
FALSE (Capacity is also determined by the number of employees working at the resource.)
What should you do to increase the capacity of a process?
Increase the capacity of the bottleneck resource regardless of where it is located in the process.
What are appropriate units for measuring cycle time? -Seconds/customer -Seconds -Minutes -Minutes/burger
Seconds/customer Minutes/burger
TRUE OR FALSE A process flow diagram outlines a directional flow in the process.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE In a machine-paced process, all steps are connected through a conveyor belt and all of the steps must work at the same rate.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE The flow rate for a process can be less than the demand rate.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE The utilization of a process is defined as the ratio between the flow rate and the process capacity.
TRUE
A(n) _______ resource is a supplier of the downstream portion of a process.
Upstream
A resource will have idle time when it comes __________ the bottleneck in the process.
after
Flow units waiting in the process without being worked on are often referred to as ________ inventory.
buffer
How is the time through an empty machined-paced process determined?
by multiplying the number of stations by the cycling time
For a process that is ______ constrained, the bottleneck resource will have 100% utilization.
capacity
Process _________ determines the maximum flow rate a process can provide per unit of time.
capacity
An organization that wants to fulfill customer orders more quickly should ______ the cycle time of their fulfillment process.
decrease
In a process flow diagram, we refer to the beginning of the flow as the upstream of the process and the end of the process as the _________.
downstream
In a process flow diagram, triangles are used to represent _______ waiting in a system.
flow units
From Little's Law we see that if flow time stays the same while cycle time decreases, then inventory must _______.
increase
If the cycle time increases, but no new resources are added to the process, then the time needed to serve 100 customers will ________.
increase
Flow units waiting in the process without being worked on are often referred to as buffer _______
inventory
If cycle time goes up, what will happen to lead time?
it will go up
A process flow diagram indicates the _______.
journey a flow unit takes through a process
The more stations in a process, the _______ time the first flow unit needs to flow through the system when it is empty.
more
________ ___________ identifies and analyzes all the activities involved in serving one unit of demand or, put differently, in providing one unit of supply.
process analysis
The _________ time of a resource is how long that particular resource takes to complete one flow unit.
processing
The process capacity is found by looking for the _________ capacity in the process.
smallest. minimum. lowest
What shape is used to represent flow units waiting in a system (buffer inventory)?
triangle
In a machine-paced line, each step _____ the same rate.
works at
TRUE OR FALSE The flow rate for a process should be greater than the demand rate.
FALSE
Flow rate and _______ are identical.
throughput
Which could be an appropriate unit for a processing time? -Seconds/customer -Minutes -Seconds -Minutes/burger
Seconds/customer Minutes/burger
An appropriate unit for the capacity of a resource is ________.
customers/minute
Which could be an appropriate unit for a demand rate? -days -cars -cars per day -hamburgers
cars per day
________ are shown as rectangular boxes in the process flow diagram.
resources