Speech Exam 1
Group socialization refers to the process of teaching and learning the norms, rules, and expectations associated with group interaction and group member behaviors
Group socialization
Group of people discusses a topic in the presence of an audience panel discussions do not feature formally prepared speeches.
Panel Discussion
Group members feel better when they feel included in discussion and a part of the functioning of the group.
Participation
Digital audio recording of a presentation captured and stored in a form that is accessible via the web or an app
Podcast
can be a object model picture graph chart table audio or multimedia
Presentation aid
oral presentations delivered by individuals or teams addressing people in the classroom, workplace, or other group settings
Presentational speaking
Procedural conflict emerges from disagreements or trouble with the mechanics of group operations
Procedural conflict
stage of group development occurs when a group dissolves because it has completed its purpose or goal, membership is declining and support for the group no longer exists
adjourning
social identities
are the components of self that are derived from involvement in social groups with which we are interpersonally committed.
communication such as email in which the message and the response do not occur at the same time
asynchronous communication
focuses on audience needs offers an excellent means of appealing to buyer psychology. To use it to organize a sales proposal
basic sales technique
Personal identities
include the components of self that are primarily interpersonal and connected to our life experiences
meaning they share a common purpose and a common fate.
interdependence
characterized by less frequent face-to-face interactions, less emotional and relational communication, and more task-related communication than primary groups
secondary groups
use no more than six words in a line and six slides on one slide
six by six rule
Group members may take advantage of the anonymity of a group and engage in social loafing, meaning they contribute less to the group than other members or than they would if working alone
social loafing
stating authority, credibility on a certain topic to support your argument. Listeners gernerally assume that a public speaker has more expertise or firsthand knowledge than they do on a topic.
speaker expertise
During the storming stage of group development, conflict emerges as people begin to perform their various roles, have their ideas heard, and negotiate where they fit in the group's structure.
storming
communication that occurs in real time
synchronous communication
the basic design of a character
typeface
Meeting or conference at which serveral speakers deliver prepared remarks on different aspects of the same topic. Symposia provide audiences with in depth and varied perspectives on a topic.
A symposium
Advantages of small groups include shared decision making, shared resources, synergy, and exposure to diversity. It is within small groups that most of the decisions that guide our country, introduce local laws, and influence our family interactions are made. In a democratic society, participation in decision making is a key part of citizenship.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Small Groups
put individual needs above group needs and include blocker, avoider, recognition seeker, distractor, and troll. "floor hogger", "blocker", "recognition seeker" do not further the groups goals and should be avoided
Antigroup roles
characteristics of the receiver that influence the effectiveness of a communication PAGE 222
Audience factors
Visually organizes complex info into compact form
Chart
Group members like to know how status and hierarchy operate within a group. Knowing the roles isn't enough to lead to satisfaction, though—members must also be comfortable with and accept those roles.
Clear and accepted roles
tells why your viewpoint is superior to other viewpoints on the issue
Comparative advantage pattern
influences audience expectations and their responses. Speaking is less formal than public speaking page 222
Degree of formality
explains how something works or is constructed or operated
Diagram
Aside from individual participation, group members also like to feel as if participation is managed equally within the group and that appropriate turn taking is used.
Equity
Positive, constructive, and relevant feedback contribute to group climate
Feedback
Simply a large pad of paper on which you can write or draw
Flip Chart
diagrams the progressions of a process or relationship helping viewers vizualize a swquence or directional flow
Flowchart
Assembly for the discussion of issues of public interest. Public forums often are convented to help policy makers and voters alive deliverte about key policy issues.
Forum
Group climate refers to the relatively enduring tone and quality of group interaction that is experienced similarly by group members. To better understand cohesion and climate, we can examine two types of cohesion: task and social.
Group climate
Group cohesion refers to the commitment of members to the purpose of the group and the degree of attraction among individuals within the group
Group cohesion
Groupthink is a negative group phenomenon characterized by a lack of critical evaluation of proposed ideas or courses of action that results from high levels of cohesion and/or high conformity pressures
Groupthink
the tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue.
Groupthink
converys info that either is impractical to give to the audience in another manner or is intended to be kept by audience member's.
Handout
Interpersonal conflict emerges from conflict between individual members of the group. Whereas procedural conflict deals with how and substantive conflict deals with what, interpersonal conflict deals with who
Interpersonal conflict
Confirming messages help build relational dimensions within a group, and clear, organized, and relevant messages help build task dimensions within a group.
Messages
a model is a three dimensional scale size representation of an object
Model
Directs a discussion, skilled chairperson moderator beings by describing the purpose of the panel and introducing panel members then lanches the discussion by directing a question to one or more participants
Moderator
Member motivation is activated by perceived connection to and relevance of the group's goals or purpose.
Motivation
Most people process info best when it is presented both with words and graphics
Multimedia
Require the same basic elements of planning and delivery as in-person presentations. As in traditional public speaking an online speaker will select among the three general speech purposes of informing persuading or making a special occasion.
Online Presentations
updates clients or principals on developments in an ongoing project. Similar to staff report with the exception that the audience can include people outside the organization as well as within.
Progress report
recommends a product procedure or policy to a client or company. Organizations must constantly make decisions such as whether to swtich to a new health plan or implement a new employee grivence pro PAGE 223
Proposal
connect the presenter and audience in live or synchronous communication.
Real time presenations
transmission and reception occur at different times in asynchronous communication
Recorded presentation
are formed to promote interpersonal connections and are more focused on quality interactions that contribute to the well-being of group members
Relational-oriented groups
Systematic and objective description of facts and observations related to business or professional interests
Report
Attempts to lead a potential buyer to make a purchase
Sale proposal / Sales Pitch
Secondary tension emerges after groups have passed the forming stage of group development and begin to have conflict over member roles, differing ideas, and personality conflicts.
Secondary tension
Groups may have official charters or mission and vision statements that lay out the identity of a group
Shared Identity
teams that have
Small Groups
- refers to interactions among three or more people who are connected through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a shared identity - small groups usually focus on some sort of task completion or goal accomplishment.
Small group communication
Social cohesion refers to the attraction and liking among group members. Ideally, groups would have an appropriate balance between these two types of cohesion relative to the group's purpose, with task-oriented groups having higher task cohesion and relational-oriented groups having higher social cohesion.
Social cohesion
informs managers and other employees of new developments that affect them and their work
Staff report
Substantive conflict focuses on group members' differing beliefs, attitudes, values, or ideas related to the purpose or task of the group
Substantive conflict
refers to the sense of community or group consciousness that develops in a group through non-task-related communication such as stories and jokes
Symbolic convergence
refers to the potential for gains in performance or heightened quality of interactions when complementary members or member characteristics are added to existing ones
Synergy
A table systematicallygroups data in column form
Table
Task cohesion refers to the commitment of group members to the purpose and activities of the group
Task cohesion
are formed to solve a problem, promote a cause, or generate ideas or information
Task-oriented groups
Teams are task-oriented groups in which members are especially loyal and dedicated to the task and other group members
Teams
incorporate video clips into an online presentation
Video capture software
Virtual groups take advantage of new technologies and meet exclusively or primarily online to achieve their purpose or goal.
Virtual groups
A podcast containing video
Vodcast
real-time seminars, meetings, training sessions, or other presentations that connect presenters and audiences from their computers or mobile devices
Webinars
During the forming stage, group members begin to reduce uncertainty associated with new relationships and/or new tasks through initial interactions that lay the foundation for later group dynamics
forming
are verbalized references to events outside the "here and now" of the group, including references to the group's past, predictions for the future
group fantasies
During the norming stage of group development, the practices and expectations of the group are solidified, which leads to more stability, productivity, and cohesion within the group.
norming
During the performing stage of group development, group members work relatively smoothly toward the completion of a task or achievement of a purpose.
performing
Our family and friends are considered primary groups, or long-lasting groups that are formed based on relationships and include significant others.
primary groups
When the group first comes together, members experience primary tension, which is tension based on uncertainty that is a natural part of initial interactions.
primary tension
problem that needs to be addressed, explains the cause of the problem, presents a solution that can minimize the problem. Effective when selling to a buyer who needs a product o solve a problem
problem cause solution pattern
A prop can be any object inanimate or even live that helps demonastrate the speakers points
prop