Test 4: Cardio 2

Which of the following hypertension in 95% of the cases have an unknown cause? Select one: a. prehypertension b. essential or primary hypertension c. white coat hypertension d. secondary hypertension

B

A client develops cardiogenic pulmonary edema and is extremely apprehensive. What medication can the nurse administer with physician orders that will relieve anxiety and slow respiratory rate? Select one: a. nitroglycerin b. Dopamine c. morphine sulphate d. lasix (furosemide

C

The nurse is caring for a client with essential hypertension. The nurse reviews the lab work and assesses the kidney function. Which action of the kidneys would the nurse evaluate as the body's attempt to regulate blood pressure? Select one: a. the kidneys retains water and excretes sodium b. the kidneys retains sodium and excretes water c. the kidneys excretes sodium and water d. the kidneys retains sodium and water

C

Heart block refers to disorders in the conduction pathway that interfere with the transmission of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the ventricles. Select one: True False

True

SVT-which is also known as supraventricular tachycardia is really a super fast heart rate greater that 150 beats per minute found in people with coronary artery disease, developing chest pain, hypotension, syncope, low cardiac output and eventually heart failure if untreated. Calcium channel blockers along with digitalis and adrenergic blockers are used to slow down the heart rate. Select one: true false

True

True or False: Atrial flutter has a characteristic sawtooth pattern

True

Ventricular fibrillation is the rhythm of a dying heart. Select one: True False

True

The nurse instructs the client with heart failure to weigh themselves at the same time each day using the same scale. When should the client contact the physician? Select one: a. if the weight gain is more than two pounds in twenty four hours b. if the weight gain is more than four pounds in one month c. if the weight gain is more than one pound in forty eight hours d. if the weight gain is more than 3 pounds in one week

A

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. What procedure should the nurse prepare the client for in order to determine the ejection fraction to measure the efficiency of the heart as a pump? Select one: a. echocardiogram b. electrocardiograph c. electrocardiogram d. a chest radiograph

A

Which ethnic background would the nurse screen for hypertension at an early age? Select one: a. African American population b. Japanese population c. Asian population d. Mexican population

A

Which of the following client scenarios would be correct for the nurse to identify as a client with secondary hypertension? Select one: a. a client diagnosed with kidney disease b. a client experiencing depression c. a client of advanced age d. a client with excessive alcohol intake

A

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the "U" wave to appear in the normal sinus beat of the p-qrs-t complex? Select one: a. too much sugar intake with calcium b. delayed purkinje fibers repolarizing c. severe hypokalemia d. bradycardia

A

Which part of the heart does the "p" of the p-qrs-t complex originate? Select one: a. artial b. bundle of HIS c. ventricle d. purkinje fibers

A

You are caring for a client with suspected right-sided heart failure.What would you know the clients with suspected heart failure may experience? Select one: a. gradual unexplained weight gain b. increased urine output c. increased perspiration d. sleeping in a chair or recliner

A

You enter a room and find your client pulseless and unresponsive. What would be the treatment of choice for this client? Select one: a. immediate defibrillation b. IV lidocaine c. electric cardioversion d. chemical cardioversion

A

A client presents to the emergency room by ambulance with a heart rate of 210 beats per minute and a sawtooth waveform pattern per the cardiac monitor. The nurse is most correct to alert the medical team of the presence of a client with which disorder? Select one: a. ventricular fibrillation b. atrial flutter c. asystole d. complete heart block e. premature ventricular contractions

B

The client asks the nurse to explain the difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. Which is the best explanation provided by the nurse? a. Arteriosclerosis is when the vessels become dilated and weakened, whereas atherosclerosis is the deposit of fatty substances in the vessel lining. b. Arteriosclerosis is a condition that produces structural changes in the arteries, and atherosclerosis is a specific type of arteriosclerosis. c. Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disorders in which the lining of the vessels become narrowed because of plaque formation. d. Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are the same disorder. The terms are interchangeable.

B

The nurse assists the client to the bathroom which is approx. ten feet from the bed. The client ambulates three feet and states, "I cannot catch my breath." How would the nurse document this finding? Select one: a. "Has paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea when walking" b. "experiences exertional dyspnea when walking three feet; states "I cannot catch my breath." c. "has orthopnea when walking" d. "can't walk without becoming short of breath"

B

The nurse instructs the client with heart failure to weigh themselves at the same time each day using the same scale. When should the client contact the physician? Select one: a. if the weight gain is more than 3 pounds in one week b. if the weight gain is more than two pounds in twenty four hours c. if the weight gain is more than four pounds in one month d. if the weight fain is more than one pound in forty eight hours

B

The nurse is obtaining data on an older adult client. What finding may indicate to the nurse the early symptom of heart failure? Select one: a. decreased urinary output b.dyspnea on exertion c. tachycardia d. hypotension

B

The nurse is presenting a workshop at the senior citizens center about how the changes of aging predispose clients to vascular occlusive disorders. What would the nurse name as the most common cause of peripheral arterial problems in the older adult? a. Raynaud's disease b. Atherosclerosis c. Arteriosclerosis d. Coronary thrombosis

B

The nurse is working with a client who has just been diagnosed with an aneurysm. What advice should the nurse provide to this client? a. Minimize bowel movements and coughing. b. Avoid straining during bowel movements and coughing. c. Wear wool socks and mittens during cold weather. d. Avoid situations that contribute to ischemic episodes.

B

Which of the following hypertension is the type Sally gets when she goes to see her physician for a check up. Just thinking about seeing her physician,her blood pressure automatically becomes elevated and she gets really anxious before the examination. Select one: a. primary hypertension b. white coat hypertension c. tertiary hypertension d. secondary hypertension

B

Which of the following medication classifications is more likely to be expected when the nurse is caring for a client with atrial fibrillation? Select one: a. antihypertensive b. anticoagulant c. potassium supplement d. diuretic

B

You are caring for a client diagnosed with secondary hypertension. What would be the predisposing condition for this diagnosis? Select one: a. use of valium b. use of oral contraceptives c. pancreatic disease d. hypoaldosteronism

B

Your client has just been diagnosed with a dysrhythmia. The client asks you to explain normal sinus rhythm. What would you explain is the characteristic of normal sinus rhythm? Select one: a. the ventricles depolarize in 0.5 seconds or less b. the sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the impulse c. heart rate between 60 and 150 beats per minute d. Impulse travels to the atrioventricular (AV) node in 0.15-0.5 seconds

B

A nurse is assessing the blood pressure of a large adult client diagnosed with primary hypertension. To ensure an accurate blood pressure reading, the nurse follows which standard of care? Select all that apply. a. Vary the blood pressure reading sites every other day. b. Place the cuff midway between the acromion and olecranon process. c. Obtain supine, sitting, and standing readings daily. d. Use the appropriate-sized adult blood pressure cuff. e. Document the results immediately after the reading is completed.

B, D, E

The nurse is screening a client at a health fair for hypertension. Which assessment data, provided by the client, would prompt the nurse to stress physician involvement? Select all that apply. a. Dysuria b. Fatigue c. Constipation d. Headache e. Blurred vision f. Insomnia

B, D, E, F

A client has just been diagnosed with prehypertension. What would the nurse instruct this client to do to restore his blood pressure below hypertensive levels? Select one: a. increase iodine intake b. increase fluid intake c. decrease sodium intake d. avoid over the counter decongestants

C

A client with heart failure is having a decrease in cardiac output. What indication does the nurse have that this is occurring? Select one: a. respiratory rate of 20 breaths/minute b. heart rate of 76 beats/minute c. blood pressure of 80/46 mm Hg d. oxygen saturation of 94%

C

A pacemaker is the treatment of choice for what cardiac dysrhythmia? Select one: a. supraventricular tachycardia b. atrial flutter c. complete heart block d. ventricular fibrillation

C

The charge nurse was discussing with the nursing student that studies have been published that suggest inflammation increases the risk of heart disease. Which factor would the nursing student target in teaching clients about prevention of inflammation that can lead to atherosclerosis? a. Drinking at least 2 liters of water a day b. Encouraging use of a multivitamin c. Addressing obesity d. Avoiding use of caffeine

C

The nurse and dietitian are instructing the client on a low sodium diet needed to lower the blood pressure. Which question asked by the nurse, is most important? Select one: a. "Do you snack in the evening?" b. "Who eats meals with you?" c. "How do you prepare your meals?" d. "Do you eat three meals per day?"

C

The nurse in an oncology clinic notes that the client being treated has hypertension. What tumor is a predisposing condition for a secondary hypertension? Select one: a. Wilms' tumor b. astrocytoma c. pheochromocytoma d. lymphoma

C

The nurse is caring for a client with Raynaud's disease. What is an important instruction for a client who is diagnosed with this disease to prevent an attack? a. Report changes in the usual pattern of chest pain. b. Take over-the-counter decongestants. c. Avoid situations that contribute to ischemic episodes. d. Avoid fatty foods and exercise.

C

The nurse is caring for a client with accelerated hypertension. Which body system would the nurse assess to identify early signs of blood pressure progression? Select one: a. heart b. musculoskeletal system c. eyes d. kidney

C

The nurse is caring for a client with accelerated hypertension. Which body system would the nurse assess to identify early signs of blood pressure progression? Select one: a. Musculoskeletal system b. Heart c. Eyes d. Kidney

C

The nurse is evaluating the types of medications prescribed for a client's hypertension. Which of the following medication classifications establishes an action on vasoconstriction hormones in the blood stream? Select one: a. beta-blocker b. loop diuretic c. ACE inhibitor d. calcium channel blocker

C

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with heart failure preparing to leave the following day. What type of diet should the nurse request the dietitian to discuss with the client? Select one: a. low potassium diet b. low cholesterol diet c. low sodium diet d. low fat diet

C

The nurse is working on a busy cardiac unit caring for four hypertensive clients. Which client description would the nurse assess first because the client is at an increased risk for malignant hypertension? Select one: a. a client with liver dysfunction who drinks alcohol daily b. a schizophrenic residing at an assisted living facility c. a client with anorexia and history of no healthcare insurance d. a client with chronic asthma who uses a corticosteroid inhaler

C

What is blood pressure? Select one: a. the force produced by the volume of blood in the venous system b. the measurement of cardiac output c. the force produced by the volume of blood in the arterial walls d. the peripheral resistance of the cardiac output

C

Where does the "qrs" complex originate? Select one: a. bundle of HIS b. purkinje fibers c. ventricles d. atrium

C

Who is the pacemaker of the heart? Select one: a. purkinje fibers b. AV node c. SA node d. bundle of HIS

C

A client with a newly prescribed low sodium diet due to hypertension, is asking for help with meal choices. The client provides four meal choices which are favorites. Which selection would be best? Select one: a. toasted cheese sandwich on whole wheat bread with tomato soup b. creamed chipped beef over toast and mashed potatoes c. hotdog with ketchup and relish on whole wheat bun d. green pepper stuffed with diced tomatoes and chicken

D

The nurse is caring for a client at risk for thrombosis. What is an appropriate nursing action when evaluating this client? a. Examine the client's mental and emotional status. b. Examine for pain around the shoulder and neck region. c. Examine the extremities for skin lesions. d. Examine the legs for color, capillary refill time, and tissue integrity.

D

Which of the following client scenarios would be correct for the nurse to identify as a client with secondary hypertension? Select one: a. A client with excessive alcohol intake b. A client with advanced age c. A client experiencing depression d. A client diagnosed with kidney disease

D

Which of the following medications does the nurse anticipate administering to a client preparing for cardioversion? Select one: a. lanoxin b. atropine c. vasotec d. valium

D

You are caring for a client who has premature ventricular contractions. What sign or symptom is observed in this client? Select one: a. hypotension b. nausea c. fever d. fluttering

D

You are part of a group of nursing students who are making a presentation on chronic hypertension. What is one subject you would need to include in your presentation as a possible consequence of untreated chronic hypertension? Select one: a. right side heart failure b. pulmonary insufficiency c. peripheral edema d. stroke

D

You are teaching a health class at the local YMCA. What body system would you explain regulates the arterial blood pressure? Select one: a. immune system b. lymphatic system c. cardiovascular system d. autonomic nervous system

D

Which ethnic background would the nurse screen for hypertension at an early age? a. European population b. Japanese population c. Asian population d. Mexican population e. African American population

E

The QRS complex in the rhythm strip is the portion of the heart beat where the ventricles are contracting and repolarizing Select one: True False

False

With atrial fibrillation the right atrium initiates impulses in several areas which results in disorganized and rapid activity. The atria quiver like jello rather than contract, and cause the ventricles to randomly respond thus causing inadequate cardiac output. Select one: true false

True

With ventricular tachycardia the ventricles beat very fast, between 150-250 beats per minute and the cardiac output is decreased Select one: True False

True