Unit 1- BIO 104-40

How many ATPs are produced during fermentation? a) 5 b) 4 c) 3 d) 2 e) 1

2

How many molecules of ATP form from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration? a) 1 ATP b) 2 ATP c) 26-28 ATP d) 30-32 ATP

30-32 ATP

The molecule that cells use to power energy-requiring reactions―the cell's "energy currency"―is: a) ATP b) glycogen c) ADP d) AMP e) sugar

ATP

What is the short-term energy currency that cells use to do work? a) ADP b) ATP c) AMP d) ADP and ATP e) ADP, ATP, and AMP

ATP

What activity is not one of the cell's uses of ATP? a) active transport b) ATP synthesis c) anabolic reactions d) muscle contractions

ATP synthesis

T/F: Antibiotics are powerful against the flu.

False

T/F: Penicillin is an effective antibiotic; however, Penicillium notatum cannot inhibit bacterial growth on its own.

False

What observation made Fleming investigate the mold on the plate? a) Far fewer bacterial colonies were growing near the mold on the plate. b) The mold growing near the bacterial colonies grew much better than the other mold on the plate. c) The mold turned a different color when it was growing near the bacterial colonies. d) More bacterial colonies were growing near the mold. e) Mold growing near the bacterial colonies died.

Far fewer bacterial colonies were growing near the mold on the plate

Excess energy can be stored for short periods of time in the muscle and liver tissues as ______, and for long periods of time as _____ in fat cells.

Glycogen; Triglycerides

All of these are expected to be found in the cells of the bacterium Treponema pallidum that causes syphilis EXCEPT: a) a cell wall b) ribosomes c) Golgi Apparatus d) A cell membrane

Golgi Apparatus

A laboratory technician is provided with a urine sample. A small leaf accidentally falls into the urine sample and, within minutes, begins to swell. This reaction suggests that the urine sample is: a) hyperosmotic b) hyperotonic c) hypertonic d) isotonic

Hypotonic

A researcher has prepared culture media for mouse cells. Much to the researcher's surprise, when the mouse cells are placed in this media, the cells appear to swell and eventually burst. The researcher likely made a mistake preparing this culture media, creating a(n) _____ solution. a) Gram-negative b) Gram-positive c) Isotonic d) Hypotonic e) Hypertonic

Hypotonic

In humans, why can't fermentation sustain life? a) Without electron transport, NADH levels increase to toxic levels. b) It is an inefficient use of food energy c) It produces ethanol, which is toxic to human cells. [Fermentation in humans produces lactic acid.]] d) Without oxygen, prolonged hypoxia results in death.

It is an inefficient use of food energy

What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus? a) it provides instruction for protein production b) it serves as an assembly line for the manufacture of proteins and lipids c) it synthesizes proteins from the mRNA d) it packs the final protein into vesicles and then ships them to specific destinations

It packs the final protein into vesicles and then ships them to specific destinations

What are the oils produced by plants and algae?

Lipids

In active transport: a) no energy is required. b) molecules move from an area of high to low concentration. c) transport proteins are not required. d) molecules move from an area of low to high concentration. e) no energy is required and molecules move from an area of high to low concentration.

Molecules move from an area of low to high concentration

Which of these is NOT a renewable resource? a) wind b) biofuels c) hydroelectric power d) oil e) solar

Oil

The general term for the membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions are the: a) nuclei b) organelles c) compartments d) cytoplasmic components

Organelles

Under a microscope, Gram-negative bacteria (when dyed with the Gram stain) appear: a) pink b) green c) yellow d) purple

Pink

Which statement is false regarding crop-based biofuels? a) crop-based biofuels recycle the carbon dioxide released when burning them b) A three-fold increase in U.S. soybean croplands would only meet 50% of the U.S. transport fuel needs. c) Biofuel crops compete with food crops for the fertile land. d) Production costs are the biggest drawback for crop-based biofuels.

Production costs are the biggest drawback for crop-based biofuels.

Which of these is required in order for a cell to make a cytoskeleton? a) lysosomes b) ribosomes c) Golgi Apparatus d) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

T/F: The cell wall can protect E. coli from lysis in the intestines.

True

Which statement is false regarding lysosomes? a) Vesicles transport the digestive enzymes to the lysosomes from another organelle. b) The Golgi apparatus produces the digestive enzymes found inside lysosomes. c) Damaged or worn-out cellular components are directed to lysosomes for digestion. d) Food and other particles are taken into vesicles that fuse with a lysosome for digestion. e) Digested materials are recycled in the cell to manufacture new cell structures.

Vesicles transport the digestive enzymes to the lysosomes from another organelle

According to the cell theory, which is NOT considered a living organism? a) bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli) b) aquatic plants (i.e., Elodea) c) fungi (i.e., Penicillium notatum) d) protozoans (i.e., amoebas) e) viruses (i.e., H1N1)

Viruses

A researcher isolates cells from the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. What would happen if this cell is placed in an environment with a solute concentration higher than the cell's cytoplasm? a) water will flow into the cell b) water will flow out of the cell c) water will flow into and out of the cell at the same rate d) the cell will swell

Water will flow out of the cell

ATP breakdown in cells is accompanied by: a) a release of energy b) energy storage c) phosphate bonding d) a release of carbon dioxide

a release of energy

In the presence of oxygen, humans use _____ to fuel ATP production; green plants use the process of _____ to produce energy. a) glycolysis; photosynthesis b) fermentation; photosynthesis c) aerobic respiration; anaerobic respiration d) anaerobic respiration; photosynthesis e) aerobic respiration; photosynthesis

aerobic respiration; photosynthesis

Which of these fuel sources requires the least amount of fertilizer to grow? a) rapeseed, canola b) corn c) coal d) algae

algae

Which fuel source is the most "green" or most environmentally friendly? a) natural gas b) soybean-based biofuel c) algae biofuel d) ethanol-based biofuel

algae biofuel

Which of the three aerobic respiration steps produces ATP? a) electron transport b) all three steps c) glycolysis and electron transport d) citric acid cycle e) glycolysis

all three steps

Food is converted to ATP, which is the energy molecule used to power many cellular functions. Which component is NOT part of the ATP molecule? a) phosphate groups b) amino acids c) ribose d) adenine

amino acids

According to the CDC, what is one of the world's most pressuring public health problems? a) bacterial infection b) antiviral misuse or overuse c) antibiotic misuse or overuse d) antibiotic use

antibiotic misuse or overuse

Shivering (uncontrolled muscle contractions) warms a person up because shivering muscles: a) produce a lot of sweat b) attract heat from other parts of the body c) are contracting more and releasing some energy as heat d) are better at collecting heat from sunlight

are contracting more and releasing some energy as heat

Which color is most useful in photosynthesis? a) green b) x-rays c) blue d) ultraviolet

blue

The measurement we use to estimate body fat based on height and weight is called: a) body fat present b) body mass index c) body mass units d) body height index e) fat index

body mass index

What do algae, cyanobacteria, and plants have in common? a) living conditions b) cell walls c) cell walls, chloroplasts d) biofuel production costs e) chloroplasts

cell walls, chloroplasts

What type of energy does the enzyme Rubisco produce? a) light b) kinetic c) mechanical d) chemical

chemical

How do cells enable the conversion of food to energy for the body? a) Food transforms from a solid into a slurry. b) Sugars, glycerol, amino acids, and fatty acids enter the blood stream. c) chemical bonds in sugars, amino acids and fatty acids break for energy storage as ATP d) Food molecules breakdown into smaller subunits of sugars, glycerol, amino acids, and fatty acids.

chemical bonds in sugars, amino acids and fatty acids break for energy storage as ATP

Which part of the plant is responsible for converting light energy to chemical energy? a) chlorophyll b) cell wall c) nucleus d) chloroplast

chloroplast

What is the second step in aerobic respiration? a) glycolysis b) citric acid cycle c) electron transport d) fermentation

citric acid cycle

Where does glycolysis occur?

cytosol

What is the proposed process explaining how eukaryotic cells may have evolved? a) phagocytosis b) pinocytosis c) endocytosis d) endosymbiosis

endosymbiosis

Which organic component of food is the MOST energy-dense molecule? a) vitamins and minerals b) carbohydrates c) proteins d) fat

fat

Why does reducing the amount of fat in the diet have a greater impact on total Calories than reducing the amount of carbohydrates? a) fat contains more energy than carbohydrates b) carbohydrates are quick energy c) fat converts to triglycerides d) fat converts to glycogen

fat contains more energy than carbohydrates

Which type of organic molecules store the MOST energy per gram? a) starch b) proteins c) nucleic acid d) fats (triglycerides) and glycerol e) glycogen

fats (triglycerides) and glycerol

The series of chemical reactions that takes place in the absence of oxygen and regenerates NAD+ is called _____. a) glycolysis b) the citric acid cycle c) the electron transport chain d) fermentation

fermentation

How does the stomach enable the conversion of food to energy for the body? a) food molecules breakdown into smaller subunits of sugars, glycerol, amino acids, and fatty acids b) chemical bonds in sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids break c) sugars, glycerol, amino acids, and fatty acids enter the bloodstream d) chemical energy in food subunits transfers to ATP synthesis

food molecules breakdown into smaller subunits of sugars, glycerol, amino acids, and fatty acids

Which molecule is not one of the substrates required for photosynthesis? a) carbon dioxide b) water c) sunlight d) glucose

glucose

You exercise for 1 hour at the gym. During this exercise, you will first use energy from _____, and then from _____. a) fats; glycogen b) proteins; fats c) glycogen; proteins d) glycogen; fats e) fats; proteins

glycogen; fats

What is the first step in aerobic respiration? a) electron transport b) citric acid cycle c) fermentation d) glycolysis

glycolysis

Which step of cellular respiration can happen in the absence of oxygen? a) photosynthesis b) aerobic respiration c) glycolysis d) electron transport

glycolysis

What is an advantage that algae biofuel has over plant-based biofuels? a) no oxygen requirement b) energy production by photosynthesis c) growth occurs on unfertile soil d) no carbon dioxide requirement e) production cost

growth occurs on unfertile soil

Generally, energy lost when transferring from one form to another is lost as: a) oxygen b) heat c) light d) carbon dioxide

heat

Where in the cell does fermentation occur? a) both in the cytoplasm and mitochondria b) in the cytoplasm c) in the inner surface of the mitochondria d) in the nuceus

in the cytoplasm

A woman has taken antibiotics, and is experiencing severe side effects in the form of nausea and lethargy. This could be due to the fact that the antibiotics are targeting ribosomes: a) in the endoplasmic reticulum b) in the chloroplast c) constituting the cytoskeleton d) in the mitochondria e) in the lysosomes

in the mitochondria

Your plant is not doing a great job of making enough glucose to build cellulose for its cell walls. Which of these is MOST likely to help? a) adding cellulose to the soil in which the plant is growing b) decreasing the CO2 concentration in the soil near the plant c) reducing the amount of time that the plant is exposed to sunlight d) increasing the CO2 concentration in the air near the plant e) adding glucose in the water used to water the plant

increasing the CO2 concentration in the air near the plant

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

inner membrane of mitochondria

Sunlight contains _____ energy. a) kinetic b) mechanical c) potential d) chemical

kinetic

What type of energy conversion occurs during photosynthesis? a) light energy to kinetic energy b) potential energy to kinetic energy c) potential energy to chemical energy d) light energy to chemical energy

light energy to chemical energy

Which cellular structure(s) allow(s) organisms to carry out photosynthesis? a) a nucleus b) many mitochondria c) many chloroplasts d) many lysosomes

many chloroplasts

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

mitochondrial matrix

Compared to aerobic respiration, how much ATP is produced during fermentation? a) a tiny bit more b) a tiny bit less c) much less d) much more e) the same amount

much less

Structurally, ATP is a(n): a) amino acid b) sugar c) nucleotide d) protein e) fatty acid

nucleotide

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is: a) facilitated diffusion b) osmosis c) simple diffusion d) active transport e) diffusion

osmosis

A body mass index between 25 and 29.9 is considered: a) obese b) overweight c) healthy d) anorexic e) underweight

overweight

Which of these is NOT a product of aerobic respiration? a) carbon dioxide b) ATP c) water d) oxygen

oxygen

What is cyanobacteria? a) fossil fuel b) photosynthetic bacteria c) plant d) green algae

photosynthetic bacteria

Chloroplasts are found in the cells of: a) heterotrophic organisms b) photosynthetic organisms c) all organisms d) organisms capable of converting chemical energy into kinetic energy

photosynthetic organisms

An egg balanced at the peak of a slanted roof has _____ energy. a) mechanical b) kinetic c) potential d) chemical

potiental

Which of these can assist in the transport of molecules across a membrane? a) enzymes b) proteins c) lipids d) fats e) carbohydrates

proteins

The purpose of the cytoskeleton is to: a) recycle cellular components b) provide a boundary between the inside and outside of the cell c) make proteins d) carry out important reactions involved in extracting energy from food e) provide support for cells

provide support for cells

The synthesis of ATP: a) releases energy b) requires the input of energy c) releases a phosphate group d) involves breaking bonds between phosphate groups

requires the input of energy

Which organism is a type of algae? a) seaweed b) pond lily c) cyanobacteria d) barnacles

seaweed

According to the text, which antibiotic(s) can pass easily through the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall and interfere with protein synthesis? a) cephalosporin b) streptomycin c) penicillin d) penicillin and streptomycin

streptomycin

What form of energy excites electrons in the first reaction of photosynthesis? a) chlorophyll b) ATP c) glucose d) sunlight

sunlight

What do algae require for photosynthesis? a) sunlight, carbon dioxide, nutrients b) sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, glucose c) sunlight, carbon dioxide, water d) sunlight, oxygen, water, nutrients e) sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients

sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients

MOST algae-growing companies position their locations based on: a) the median yearly temperature b) the amount of sunlight throughout the year c) tax benefits d) the yearly rainfall

the amount of sunlight throughout the year

The cell theory refers to ideas about: a) how different cells in the same organism look different and carry out different functions b) the building blocks that form living organisms c) what kind of agents can cause disease d) how living organisms obtain energy and nutrients e) the origin of life on earth

the building blocks that form living organisms

The ultimate source of energy for photosynthetic organisms is: a) moon rays b) carbohydrates c) seawater d) ethanol e) the sun

the sun

What do the lungs have to do with aerobic respiration? a) The citric acid cycle only occurs in the lungs. b) They are the major sites of aerobic respiration. c) They take up oxygen from the air. d) They take up glucose from the air. e) They take up carbon dioxide from the air.

they take up oxygen from the air

A type of lipid found in fat cells that stores excess energy for long-term use is a(n) _____ molecule. a) nucleic acid b) ATP c) glucose d) glycogen e) triglyceride

triglyceride

Which of these is considered an output of aerobic respiration? a) water b) oxygen c) glucose d) pyruvate

water

What is NOT one of the factors that determine how many Calories a person needs to eat in a day? a) age b) gender c) physical activity levels d) weight

weight