Unit 1 Test: 53/55

What is democracy?

a system that selects policymakers and organizes government so that policy represents and responds to the public's preferences

Which of the Constitution's characteristics does the cartoon address?

adaptability

The U.S. preference for __________ economic policies helps to explain why we have a smaller and more limited government than do most other advanced industrialized countries.

laissez-faire

Which branch of government is responsible for passing laws?

legislative

Which of the following philosophers greatly influenced the colonists' views on the role of government?

John Locke

Of all of the following, which was least important in leading to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution?

Marbury v. Madison

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the confederal systems of government and the federal systems of government?

2- McCulloch v Maryland (1819) increase the power of the national government, while United States v Lopez (1995) sets a limit to Congress' power under the Commerce Clause

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?

2- The Virginia Plan favored bicameral legislature, while the New Jersey plan favored unicameral legislature

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution?

4- The Articles of Confederation created a weak central national government with most powers reserved to the states, while the U.S. Constitution created a strong central government with some powers reserved to states

Based on the graph, which of the following statements is accurate?

A higher percentage of older people vote in midterm elections than young people.

Which of the following specifies the procedure for amending the Constitution?

Article V

In Federalist 10, who wrote, "The most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property"?

James Madison

Which amendment prohibits federal and state courts and federal administrative agencies from hearing cases in which a private party names a state as a defendant without the state's consent?

Eleventh

In the United States, pluralism suggests which of the following?

Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics.

Which principle of American government is best illustrated in the map above?

Federalism

Which of the following is an example of a categorical grant?

Funds provided by Congress to the states to enhance science instruction in a low-income area.

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." --Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 For which of the following reasons was the Declaration of Independence an important tool in the Revolutionary War?

It outlined King George's violations and appealed to nations around the world.

Which of the following best describes the death penalty in the United States?

Some states allow the death penalty and others do not.

Which of the following statements about federalism does the map illustrate?

States take advantage of the power to make decisions independently.

The name of this document above is:

The Articles of Confederation

" The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general welfare of the United States;... To regulate Commerce with foreign nations.... To coin money... To declare war... And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States..." --Article I, United States Constitution, 1787 In which of the following ways was the economy different under the Constitution than the Articles of Confederation?

The Constitution gave Congress powers that it could never have enforced under the Articles.

"To uphold the Government's contentions here, we would have to pile inference upon inference in a manner that would bid fair to convert congressional authority under the Commerce Clause to a general police power of the sort retained by the States. Admittedly, some of our prior cases have taken long steps down that road, giving great deference to congressional action.... The broad language in these opinions has suggested the possibility of additional expansion, but we decline here to proceed any further. To do so would require us to conclude that the Constitution's enumeration of powers does not presuppose something not enumerated... and that there never will be a distinction between what is truly national and what is truly local... This we are unwilling to do." --Chief Justice William Rehnquist, United States v. Lopez, 1995 Which of the following statements about United States v. Lopez is most accurate?

The Court limited the federal government's power over states.

Which of the following is a reason why the Framers created a federal system?

The Framers could not conceive of the federal government providing most of the services to states and localities.

Which of the following was the most direct consequence of the information depicted in the chart above?

The Great Compromise

"Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" --Patrick Henry, 1775 Which of the following statements about liberty is most accurate?

The idea of liberty is deeply ingrained throughout U.S. history.

Based on the graph, what is the relationship between income and political participation?

The nation's highest earners had the highest voting percentages.

The map illustrates which of the following -

The order of ratification of the US Constitution.

Based on your knowledge of the Amendment process, in order for the 18th Amendment to become part of the U.S. Constitution, which of the following HAD to occur:

Three-Fourths of the states had to ratify the 18th Amendment.

Which constitutional plan called for representation in Congress to be based on state population?

Virginia Plan

Based on the graph, how did political participation among 18-29 year olds and 65+ year olds change between 1972 and 2012?

Younger Americans grew more politically apathetic, and older Americans less so.

Which of the following was part of both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution?

a congress

Who is at the center of all theories of elitism?

big business

Which of the following is a method for proposing constitutional amendments?

by a two-thirds vote in each house of Congress

How does government usually protect its national sovereignty?

by maintaining armed forces

The flaws in the document above led most directly to the -

calling of the Constitutional convention

What is the feature of the Constitution that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches?

checks and balances

The goal of the privileges and immunities clause is to keep states from discriminating against which of the following?

citizens of other states

The Constitution denies the states the power to __________.

coin money

In the 1994 elections, the Republican Party advocated for a(n) __________ of national government authority to state governments.

devolution

Which of the following is an implied power of the federal government?

establishing a national bank

According to the cartoon, what do states want from the federal government?

federal financial assistance

What are the institutions that make public policy decisions for a society collectively known as?

government

" The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general welfare of the United States;... To regulate Commerce with foreign nations.... To coin money... To declare war... And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States..." --Article I, United States Constitution, 1787 Based on this passage, which of the following powers is outlined in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution?

legislative powers

The __________ principle is that, in a democracy, policies should reflect the will of more than half of the voters

majority rule

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." --Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 On which of the following enlightenment ideas does the Declaration of Independence rely?

natural rights

"If the States may tax one instrument, employed by the government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail; they may tax the mint; they may tax patent rights; they may tax the papers of the custom-house; they may tax judicial process; they may tax all the means employed by the government, to an excess which would defeat all the ends of government. This was not intended by the American people. . . .The Court has bestowed on this subject its most deliberate consideration. The result is a conviction that the States have no power, by taxation or otherwise, to retard, impede, burden, or in any manner control, the operations of the constitutional laws enacted by Congress to carry into execution the powers vested in the general government. This is, we think, the unavoidable consequence of that supremacy which the constitution has declared." —Chief Justice John Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret in McCulloch v. Maryland as allowing Congress to create a national bank?

necessary and proper

What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?

one person, one vote

What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy, yet each may be strong enough to thwart the will of the others?

policy gridlock

A law passed by Congress and the adoption of a regulation by an agency are examples of which of the following?

public policies

"If the States may tax one instrument, employed by the government in the execution of its powers, they may tax any and every other instrument. They may tax the mail; they may tax the mint; they may tax patent rights; they may tax the papers of the custom-house; they may tax judicial process; they may tax all the means employed by the government, to an excess which would defeat all the ends of government. This was not intended by the American people. . . .The Court has bestowed on this subject its most deliberate consideration. The result is a conviction that the States have no power, by taxation or otherwise, to retard, impede, burden, or in any manner control, the operations of the constitutional laws enacted by Congress to carry into execution the powers vested in the general government. This is, we think, the unavoidable consequence of that supremacy which the constitution has declared." —Chief Justice John Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret as preventing Maryland from taxing the national bank in McCulloch v. Maryland?

supremacy

Of the following, which is a power denied to states by the Constitution?

the power to enter into treaties

What did the Connecticut Compromise help to establish?

the Senate and the House of Representatives

What was the subject of the Connecticut Compromise?

the form and membership of the legislative branch

Which of the following is a potential danger of lack of political interest?

voting along party lines

Which of the following best exemplifies devolution?

welfare policy