Unit 2 Sociology

Master Status

One status tends to take rank above all others. This status that plays the greatest role in shaping a person's life and determining his or her social identity is called a(n)

Leaders

People who influence the attitudes and opinions of others are said to be

Group

A set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity.

Primary group

A small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis.

Status

A socially defined position in a group or in society.

accommodation

A state of balance between cooperation and conflict

iron law or oligarchy

tendency of organizations to become increasingly dominated by a small groups of people

cooperation and agreement

What alternatives does Tannen offer to the argument culture?

Aggregate

When people gather in the same place at the same time but lack organization or lasting patterns of interaction, they form a(n)

All of the above

Which of the following are examples of achieved statuses? Basketball player, actor, musician?

Narcissism

Which of the following is not a form of social interaction?

Secondary Group

A group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature.

Economic

All of the following (industrial, economic, pastoral, preindustrial) are types of societies except

Postindustrial

All of the following are examples of preindustrial societies except

Organic Solidarity

Impersonal relationships are due to job specialization.

Role Strain

Occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status.

True

Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon is a popular trivia game to see how people are connected to the famous actor.

Cooperation

Social process that gets things done.

Pastoral Society

Society that lives a nomadic life and relies on domesticated animals

Postindustrial society

Society that places emphasis on the roles of science and education.

Agricultural Society

Society where animals are used to help food production.

Role

The behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status.

barter

The exchange of one good for another.

Social Networks

The following (primary, e-communities, social categories, social networks) are all types of groups except

False

The in-group represents people that interact with one another regularly on the Internet.

True

True or False: The concentration of the population in cities is referred to as urbanization

False

True or False: The socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role are called role performances.

Role Expectations

The socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role are called

Exchange Theory

Theory that holds that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people

Triad

Three person group

True

True or False: A minister is an example of someone with an achieved status.

True

True or False: Accommodation is a state of balance between cooperation and conflict.

True

True or False: Ascribed statuses are not based on an individual's abilities, efforts, or accomplishments.

True

True or False: Competition occurs when two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain

False

True or False: Competition occurs when two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person.

False

True or False: Groups have a common identity but not shared expectations.

True

True or False: Role conflict occurs when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status.

Formal Organization

a large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals

Voluntary Association

a nonprofit organization formed to pursue some common interest

Bureaucracy

a ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures

Urbanization

the concentration of the population in cities.

Conflict

the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone, or to harm another person.

Reciprocity

the idea that if you do something for someone then that person owes you something in return.

Rationality

the process of subjecting every feature of human behavior to calculation, measurement, and control

Mechanical Solidarity

what sociologist Émile Durkheim suggests holds preindustrial societies together.