Unit #3 Fuel system, Fuel & Diesel injection, propane and natural gas, emission control system, cat converters

Fuel Pump

Job is to transfer fuel from the tank to the carburator or fuel injectors.

hot, poor

Lean runs ____ with ___ power

Volatilty

Light and molecules gives gas its ________ while the heavy end molecules give gas heat energy

Mass Air Flow Sensor

MAF

manifold absolute pressure sensor

MAP

multi-port injection

MPFI

Fuel tank

Made of steel or aluminum and must be vented to the atmosphere

Secondary side

Made up of the injection pump, injector lines and the injectors.

Penetration

Makes the fuel reach all the areas of the combustion chamber

manifold absolute pressure sensor

Monitors air pressure in the intake manifold, which allows the ECU to calculate how much power is being produced because amount of air drawn into engine indicates amount of power produced

Open loop

When a cold car is started; The infomation from the oxygen sensors in the exhaust is disregarded until the sensors reached opertating temperature

Bellows and rotary

Two types of Electric pumps

mechanically driven or electric

Two types of fuel pumps are

Throttle body and Multi ports

Two types of injection systems

Impeller and roller vane

Two types of rotory pumps

Plunger pump, rotary pump

Two types of transfer pumps

Diesel additves

Used to improve its characteristics, they fall into four categories, engine performance, fuel handling, stability, and contamination control

Transfer pumps

Used to increase the pressure of the fuel going into the injection pump around 25 PSI. There are two common types.

Fuel pressure regulators

Used to maintain a consistant fuel supply to the injectors.

Roller vane

Uses an electric motor to spin the pump assembly. Pressure is created by these pumps is 60 to 100 PSI. These pumps are used for multi port fueled injection

Check Valves

Valves that allow fluids to flow in only one direction

Roll over valves

Vehicles with carburators have a valve that is used to keep liquid gas from draining from the tank should the car be over turned in a accident.

Oxides of nitrogen

Very hot oxides of nitrogen are formed. NOx. When exposed to hydrocarbons and sunlight chemically react to produce a smog

Cold start enrichment

Was achieved with the choke on a carburated car. Some smaller engines and most piston dirived aircrafts use a primer pump

Sediment

Water & _____ in the fuel is very detrimental to the injection system. To control this, there wil be atleast one, sometimes two fuel filters and a water separator. Which can sometimes be part of the primary filter.

Company Average Fuel Consumption

What is CAFC

Evaporative Emissions Control System

What is EVAP

Selective Catalyst Reduction

What is SCR for converters

700 PSI

What is the pressure rating on a type 3 propane hose?

Electric

What produces a higher pressure? Mechanical or electric?

air-injection system

What system reduces the emissions of hydrocarbons?

EVAP, CAFC

What two things help make todays cars more fuel efficent?

Type 3 hose

What type of hose should you use when dealing with propane?

Blowby

When a engine is running some gasses and liquid fuel can leak pass the piston rings and into the crank case. These gasses are called _______

positive crankcase ventilation

forces unburned or partially burned fuel back in the cylinder so the fuel can be burned

Heated Element & vortex generating

two common type of MAF sensors

Intake Manifold

The ____ ____ on TBI is referred to as a wet manifold or dry manifold

Digital fuel Injection

DFI

Solenoid Injectors

-Came into popular use in the 1980s and are what is most common today -the fuel is metered by electriconically opening and closing the valve in the injector

Vapour Lock

-Condition where the gas boils in the fuel pump or gas line. Preventing liquid gas from reaching the engine. -Happens less with fuel injection because of the increase pressures

Fuel filters

-Remove foreign particles from fuel -Contains a bypass valve to allow flow if filter is clogged

Gas, Diesel, propane(LPG), Natural gas

4 major fuels used in a Internal Combustion Engine

Tank, filter, regulator, mixer

4 types of LPG system componets

Mechanical, Electric, hydraulic, Pneumatic

4 types of governors

Governor

A device placed in the fuel system to control and maintain engine speed

Fuel level sender

A electrical device that is inside the tank. It has a arm with a float attached to it. As the arm goes up and down it changes there is voltage that is sent to the gauge in the dash, causing the pointer to move.

Dry intake manifold

A manifold that only carries dry air

Catalyst

A material that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without being consumed or altered in a chemical reaction.

Lean

A mixture in fuel ratios is ____ when there is to much air for the fuel. 17:1 ratio

Rich

A mixture in fuel ratios is said to be ______ when there is a abundance of fuel. 8:1 ratios

Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor

A sensor tells the ECM the air temp inside the intake manifold

Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)

A variable resistance sensor that sends the throttle plate position information to the powertrain control module (PCM)

Mechanical, electrical

AIR system uses a air pump and it can be _______ or ______.

Dye

Added to identify different fuels and grade of fuels

Detergents

Added to keep fuel systems clean.

Turbo charger

Diesel Engine does create vacuum in the intake manifold a variable displacement _____ ____ is used to create the pressure differential that pushes the exhaust gasses into the induction system

Output devices

Anything that is controlled by the ECM, such as fuel injectors, idle air control valves and fuel pumps

Water

As fuel burns the hydrogen and oxygen combine create_____

down-draft tube

Before the emissions laws these gasses were vented to the atmosphere through a ______ _____ _____

Quickly

Diesel deteriorated relatively ______ in storage

Atomization

Breaks down the fuel into small enough droplets to achive vapourization

Crankshaft Position Sensor

CKP

Camshaft Position Sensor

CMP

Emissions control device

Catalytic Converter is a _____ ____ ___

Stainless steel

Catalytic converters a made with ____ ____

Octane Improvers

Combustion control additives, that reduce the rate at which the fuel burns. Once used tetraethyl lead for this

Diesel Engines

Combustion ignition engines because the fuel is ignited by the heat created when compressing the air in the combustion chamber. Near TDC the fuel is sprayed directly into the combustion chamber where it burns.

High

Compressed gas is dangerous in _______ pressures

Feed Lines, injection tubes

Connected to the pump and then to the injectors

Storage

Consider safety and enviromental impacts. Must have fuel in proper _____

Monolith type

Converter has a honeycomb struction that is coated with the catalyst material

Divided

Diesel injection can be_____ into two halves that work together

Mechanical Injector

Don't open and close to meter the fuel. They provide a continuous spray. In the injector is a spring loaded plunger that will open in vbarying amounts when the fuel pressure is stronger than the springs force.

nitrogen

During normal combustion the ____ in the air does not take an active roll in the chemical process but if the temperatures are extremely high combine with high pressures the nitrogen combines with the oxygen to form oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

Electronic Fuel injection

EFI

exhaust-gas-recirculation system

EGR system

Poppet valve, butterfly valve

EGR valve on a diesel engine can be either a ____ _____ or a ___ ___ and is actuated electronically or pneumatically(air) by the ECM

control, input, output

Electronic fuel injection is made up of three subsystems

Sulpher dioxide

Fuel combined with oxygen creates_____- SO2

Octane Rating

Gas is given an octane rating which is a measurement of it's ability to resist burning. The higher of this rating the higher the tempurature needed to ignite the fuel

stroichiometric Ratios

Gas will only burn when it is mixed with the correct proportion of air. The chemically correct ratio is 14.7lbs of air to 1lbs of gas.

Impeller type

Has a electric motor that spins a turbine to move the gas. Pressure is prodced by these pumps.

Intake air temperature sensor

IAT

Internal Combustion Engine

ICE

Transducer

In EGR valves what vents the vacuum on the main diaphragm

Digital ECR valves

In the EGR system this valve has three solenoids, each with their own pintle.

Timing

Injects the fuel at correct moment for the proper operation

Rate

Injects the fuel over the proper duration of time to work effectively

Pellet, bead, monolith, or honeycomb

Insides of a catalytic converter has either a _______ aka_____ type or ____ aka________

Detonation

Is when the fuel in the combustion chamber self ignities from heat compression and collides with the flame front from the spark plug.

Mechanical Pumps

Mounted to the engine and driven by a eccentric that is on the camshaft. A rocker arm of it rides on the eccentric. The rocker arm is pushed down and it lifts the rubber diaphragm. A spring inside pushes the diaphragm back down. One way valves ensure the fuel can only move forward

PCV system

New engines use a ___ ___ to draw the gasses into the engine where they can be burnt.

Carbon monoxide

Not enough oxygen present during combustion is called? Can be fatal.

Carburated

On ______ cars, the next filter is located between the pump and carb. These filteres often used pleated paper elements.

Plastic; corrode

Perks of having a _____ fuel tank is because they don't _____

Metal deactivator

Prevents chemical reactions between different elements

Filler cap

Prevents fuel from spilling out and keep moisture and dirt from getting in.

Anti-icing agent

Prevents fuel in the system freezing up

Gasoline

Produced by refining crude oil which is roughly 12% hydrogen and 82% carbon

-42

Propane boils at ______

liquid

Propane in a tank is at what state of matter?

Steel

Propane tanks are made of

Rust & corrsion inhibtors

Protects metal parts of the fuel system

Injection Pump

Provides a metered amount of fuel at very high pressure that may exceed 20,000 PSI

Gas

Red jerry can is for ____

Antioxidants

Reduce deterioration of gas that sits in storage

Oxidizing catalysts

Reduce of Hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide are called ____ ____

Exhaust gas recirculation system

Reduce the amount of NOx in the gasses

Oxygen reduction catalysts

Reduction of nitrogen are called

Secondary filter

Removes impurities down to 5-10 microns

Diesel EGR System

Returning exhaust diesel gasses are run through a liquid to air heat exchanger to get the temperature down.

Cool, good

Rich mixture runs very ____ and _____ type of power

Pressure relief valve

Roller vane pumps have _____ _____ _____ that opens when there is blockage occuring in the system.

Barometric Pressure sensor

Some cars use a independent sensor while others take this reacking from a MAP sensor before start up and store this figure in the ECM.

Metering

Supplies the exact quanity of fuel needed or all conditions

False

T or F: do diesel engines have spark plugs?

Throttle body injection

TBI

Throttle Position Sensor

TPS

diluting the air/fuel mixture

The EGR system keeps the combustion temperature down by ____ ___ _____ ____ in the combustion chamber with inert exhaust gasses. The exhaust gasses also work as a heat sink.

Mass Air Flow sensor

Tells the ECM how much air is entering then engine. This sensor is located in the intake air ducting.

EGR Valve

The EGR system is made up of an ____ _____to circulate the gasses, an EGR control(mechanical, vacuum, electrical or electronic) and a passage way to get the echaust gasses back into the intake manifold

Regulator

The ____ is a steel housing that consists of an inlet port, a spring loaded diaphragm valve and a return port. The inlet and outlet are divided by the valve which opens and closes.

Primary filter

The ____ removed impurities down to about 30-40 microns

Compression ratios

The _____ ____ to develop this diesel heat are 20:1 or more compared to gas which is around 9:1

Pulse width

The amount of time the injector is open is called

heat

The chemical reaction in the catalytic converter creates

Cetane Rating

The cold starting ability of a diesel fuel.

Cools

The combustion chamber through the latent heat of vapourization

throttle body injection (TBI)

The first injection system widely used in North America. This is a simpler system than port injection. A speed/density method to calculate the correct air/fuel mixture

Mixer

The fuel and air are mixed they enter the intake manifold.

Top feed injectors

The fuel comes in from the top. This type of injector is used on port injection systems.

Bottom feed injectors

The fuel enters the injector through a port on the side og the injector. This sytle of injecto is used on throttle body injection. The injector fits into a pod in the throttle body.

Fuel injectors, injection nozzles

The fuel into the hot compressed air of the combustion chamber. To do this, the fuel pressure must be greater then the combustion chamber pressure.

Company Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC)

The rating set out by transport canada for fuel economy of a manufactures fleet of vehicles.

Rotary type pump

The second type of transfer pump. It is used with rotary injection pumps the transfer pump is an integral part of the injection pump.

Ball & Pintle Valve

The solenoid is attached to a ___ or _____ shaped valve and fits into a corresponding seat. The shape of the valve and nozzle is what gives the spray it's shape.

Flash Point

The temperature where the fuel gives off enough vapour to combust if there is a source of ignition

2 way converters

These converters have a catalyst that is a mixture of platinum and palladium. The calaysr in these converters adds oxygen to the reaction to help complete the oxidation process.

3 way converters

These converters have a catalyst that is a mixture of platinum and rhoadium. These converters separate the oxygen from the nirtogen, leaving two basic elements. -Consits of a reduction and an oxidzing section that work together

Heated Element

This element is placed in the airflow of the sensor

Carbon Canister

This is filled with porgus charcoal that is chemically treasted. The charcoal will readily absorb fuel vapours but liquid fuel will destroy the carcoal.

Camshaft Position Sensor

This sensor gives infomation about engine timing. this sensor is found by the camshaft itself otr the cam sprocket.

Knock sensor

This sensor senses the vibrations caused by detonation

Oxygen sensor

This sensor tells the ECM how much O2 is present in the exhaust gasses

Computerized CNG Fuel injection

This system uses a computer, injectors and sensors to deliver enough fuel to achieve the correct air/fuel mixture ratio.

Engine temperature sensor

This tells the ECM the temperature of the engine coolant. It is threaded into a water passage in the block or intake manifold

Primary and secondary

When two filters are being used they get marked with titles ______ and _____

Fuel lock

Where is a propane filter located

to prevent build ups of pressure from the vaporers

Why are fuel tanks vented?

Multi-port injection(MPFI)

With this injection, the fuel is inroduced into the intake manifold just before the intake valve. There is an injector for intake valve. There is an injectors for every cylinder. with this injection, there is a throttle body it is only an airvalve. Fuel rails run along the top of the engine and carry the gas to the injectors

350 PSI

Working pressure rating for a type 3 propane hose?

No

Y or N: Engines with lower compression ratios like produce more heat.

Diesel

Yellow Jerry can is for ____

PCV Valve

component that meters crankcase vapors into the intake manifold.

Idle Air Control (IAC) Valve

controls the amount of air allowed to bypass the closed throttle to keep the engine at proper idle speed.

Diesel

fuel that is in the same family as kerosene and jet fuel. More heat energy per gallon than gasoline (10%-12) like gas it has seasonal blends

Linear EGR Valve

on the EGR system this valve has a heavy duty solenoid to move one pintle. Have a inifted number of poistions, it can draw a straight line of gasses

Fuel pressure regulator

regulates pressure in the fuel rail according to intake manifold vacuum. excess fuel is bled to the fuel return line , where it is sent back to the fuel tank

lubricate

the part of the injection system and creates moisture

Fuel Lines

these are in the vehicle and are make of either soft steel or nylon plastic. They are mounted on the frame rails to keep them secure. Always measure the O.D. when measuring them.

Wet intake manifold

this manifold has air and gas carried in it

Bellows pump

this pump has metal bellows that is operated by a electric solenoid. The pumps are psuressure sensitibe so they can go fast, slow, or even stop depending on fuel requirements. They are also not common.

crankshaft position sensor (CKP)

this sensor tells the RPM of the nengine and maybe part of the harmonic balancer or in the block

Supply pumps

used to move fuel from the tank to the transfer pump

fuel filters

used to remember small particles from the fuel. This is important because it reduces wear and prevents blockage of the system.

Evaporative Emissions Control System (EVAP)

uses a carbon canister and a collection of hoses, tubes, and valves. This system captures and stores hydrocarbons from the fuel system

Thermal Vacuum switch

what is TVS? Hint was added that blocked or vented the vacuum when the engine was cold.

Closed Loop

when the O2 sensor has reached opertating temperature the ECM uses its input to modify the air/fuel mixture.

Preignition

when the gas in the combustion chamber is ignited by a hot spot in the cumbustion chamber before the spark plug ignites it

Frame

where are fuel tanks mounted?

Plunger type pump

with this type of pump a vacuum is created on the inlet side so a lift pump is not required.