Unit 3: States and Changes of Matter - Chemistry Honors

Surfactant

A compound that reduces the repulsion (tension) between two liquids, or a liquid and a solid, or a liquid and air

Plasma

A high-energy state of matter characterized by ionized particles

Solid

A low-energy state of condensed matter characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume

Lattice

A regular arrangement of particles (atoms, ions, or molecules)

Crystal

A solid in which the particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern

Amorphous solid

A solid matter whose particles are arranged in a nonuniform pattern

Thermal Equilibrium

A term describing a temperature equal to that of the surroundings

Long-range order

A term for an arrangement of particles in which the particles are ordered over many multiples of the average particle diameter

Ideal Gas

A theoretical gas composed of random, non-interacting point particles

Kinetic-molecular theory

A theory that describes gases as a large number of constantly and randomly moving particles (atoms/molecules) that collide with one another and with the walls of the container

Sublimation

A transition directly from solid phase to vapor phase

Deposition

A transition directly from vapor phase to solid phase

Freezing

A transition from liquid phase to solid phase

Boiling

A transition from liquid phase to vapor phase

Melting

A transition from solid phase to liquid phase

Condensing

A transition from vapor phase to liquid phase

Miscible

Referring to a solid, liquid, or gas becoming integrated into a host liquid (solvent)

Immiscible

Referring to two liquids separating when mixed

Kinetic Energy

The energy associated with movement

Effusion

The movement of a gas through a small opening into a larger volume

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by the gas in equilibrium with a pure liquid at a given temperature

Surface Tension

The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force

Diffusion

The spread of particles through random motion from regions of high to low concentration

Viscosity

The thickness or resistance to flow of a liquid

Dissolve

To integrate a solid, liquid, or gas into a host liquid (solvent)