US History Ch. 14 & 16
the US had a duty to shape "less civilized" parts of the world
Anglo-Saxonism
the idea that english-speaking nations were superior to other nations
Anglo-Saxonism
What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another?
Countries began to engage in militarism.
On April 11, 1898, President McKinley asked Congress to authorize the use of force to end the conflict in
Cuba
the Treaty of Paris of 1898, which formerly ended the Spanish-American War, granted independence to which of the following?
Cuba
John Fiske's idea of Anglo-Saxonism promoted the notion that
English-speaking countries were superior to others.
Economic and military competition from ____ helped to convince many Americans that the United States should become a world power
Europe
Woodrow Wilson wanted Victoriano Huerta to be in power in Mexico, but he was murdered by the forces of Francisco Madero.
False
Bosnian revolutionary behind assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Gavrilo Princip
The British entered World War I when
German troops crossed into Belgium.
What enabled Theodore Roosevelt to become president in 1901?
He beat William Jennings Bryan.
Why is it believed that Harding won by such a wide margin?
He promised an end to the reforms that had led to so much strife.
Perhaps the most successful government agency during this time was the Food Administration, which was run by
Herbert Hoover.
What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles?
It rejected the notion of a League of Nations.
took a naval expedition to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty
Mathew C. Perry
In the "Roosevelt corollary" to the ________________, the United States asserted greater power in Latin America.
Monroe Doctrine
To prevent strikes from disrupting the war effort, the government established the
National War Labor Board.
idea that the U.S. and Latin America should work together
Pan-Americanism
The idea that the U.S. and Latin America should work together became known as
Pan-Americanism.
What event prompted President Wilson to send troops into Mexico in 1916?
Pancho Villa led a raid on a town in New Mexico.
ensured that Cuba would remain tied to the United States
Platt Amendment
Which of the following was a Spanish territory acquired by the U.S. during the Spanish-American War?
Puerto Rico
What event in April 1919 further fueled fears of Communist radicals in America?
The Postal Service intercepted 30 bombs sent to prominent Americans.
_______, an American volunteer cavalry unit, attacked San Juan Hill in Cuba and won.
The Rough Riders
8.Why were some American leaders opposed to the annexation of the Philippines?
They felt it threatened the U.S. economically and violated U.S. principles.
controlled mosquito populations to minimize disease during construction of the Panama Canal
William Crawford Gorgas
What result of inflation caused national unrest across the country in 1919?
Workers began to strike in massive numbers.
What new American attitude toward international affairs led to the building-up of the U.S. Navy?
a willingness to go to war to protect American interests overseas
Why did trench warfare result in such horrific casualties?
because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemy's position nearly impossible
Where was the Western Front?
between Germany and France
goods prohibited from shipment to Germany or its allies
contraband
To conserve energy, the Fuel Administration shortened workweeks for factories that did not make war materials and introduced
daylight savings time.
What caused many Americans to support the Cuban rebels?
exaggerated newspaper stories of Spanish atrocities
What were "victory gardens"?
gardens in which citizens grew their own vegetables
Which economic policies put in place by industrialized nations caused those nations to look for new markets?
high tariffs against one another's goods
At the first Pan-American Conference in 1889, the United States hoped to strengthen trade and diplomacy with Latin American nation in part to
keep European powers from meddling in the Americas
The desire to promote one's own country's culture and interests above all other nations is called _______.
nationalism
information designed to influence opinion
propaganda
local rulers had to accept advice from an imperial power
protectorate
area where a foreign nation controlled economic development
sphere of influence
Theodore Roosevelt gained territorial rights in Panama by means of
supporting a revolution in Panama.
What strike led to the dismissal of the entire striking workforce?
the Boston Police Strike
"Selling" the war to the American people was the task of
the Committee on Public Information.
Secretary of State John Hay promoted _______, in which all nations agreed to let the others trade with China.
the Open Door Policy
As Westward expansion slowed in the 1800s and Americans began looking for overseas markets, many naturally tended to look toward
the Pacific
What Spanish possession did the U.S. gain on May 1, 1898, when Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish navy?
the Philippines
What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east?
the Russian Revolution and establishment of a Communist state
What is imperialism?
the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones
What was the "Great Migration"?
the movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the North to take factory jobs
Which of the following was a reason for the United States to become more active in international affairs?
the need to find new markets
Who walked off the job in Boston in what was perhaps the most famous strike of 1919?
the police force.
What specific event triggered American cries for war against Spain?
the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor
What was the Zimmermann telegram?
the telegram to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost to the U.S. if they joined the war
What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board?
to coordinate the production of war materials
What was the purpose of the wartime agencies created in the U.S. during World War I?
to foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses
Why did the United States seek trade cooperation with Latin America?
to increase Latin American demand for American products
What were the purposes of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
to prevent spying and curtail criticism of the government
What was the purpose of the Palmer Raids?
to seize and deport immigrant anarchists
What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?
to sell the war effort to Americans
What was America's primary interest in Asia?
trade with China and Japan
World War I was the first war in which
women officially served in the armed forces.
sensational reporting in which writers often exaggerated or made up stories
yellow journalism
Sensationalist reporting, in which reporters exaggerate or make up stories, is referred to as
yellow journalism.
In 1908 the Serbs became furious when
Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia.
During World War I, a group called the _____________ took power in Russia and established a Communist government.
Bolsheviks
In 1903 the United States negotiated with ______ for the right to build a canal through its province of Panama
Colombia
As president, Theodore Roosevelt opposed the Open Door Policy in China and worked to establish an American trade monopoly there.
False
supreme commander of the Allied forces
Ferdinand Foch
established a civil government for Puerto Rico
Foraker Act
gave patriotic speeches urging support of war effort
Four-Minute Men
Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, Cuba became an independent nation, the United States agreed to pay Spain $20 million for the Philippines, and the United States acquired Puerto Rico and
Guam
How were President Wilson's foreign policies different from those of his predecessors?
He was opposed to imperialism.
What caused rapid inflation in the U.S. after the war ended?
Jobs were scarce, and companies that were forced to keep prices low during the war raised them dramatically.
method of loaning money to the government to pay for war
Liberty Bonds
British ship sunk by Germany, killing over 1,000 passengers
Lusitania
What effect did the war have on women in America?
Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men.
U.S. foreign relations were damaged by President Woodrow Wilson's intervention in
Mexico
The Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of the _______ Doctrine
Monroe
What U.S. action in 1894 set off a new rebellion in Cuba?
The U.S. increased its sugar tariff.
Which of the following was an effect of Wilson's policies in Mexico between 1914 and 1917?
Wilson's policies were ridiculed and U.S. foreign relations were damaged
What was the Red Scare?
a fear of Communists seizing control of America
A foreign area whose rulers are allowed to retain power in exchange for the protection of a more powerful nation is called
a protectorate
In the 1920 election, Warren G. Harding ran on the platform of _______.
a return to normalcy
Under the Open Door Policy promoted by Secretary of State John Hay,
all countries would be allowed to trade with China
What was the only group of women in the military sent overseas in World War I?
army nurses
Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia?
because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British navy
How did American Admiral William Sims change the war at sea?
by creating convoys in which merchant ships and small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together
How did the Fuel Administration attempt to conserve coal and oil during the war?
by instituting Heatless Mondays and creating daylight savings time
During World War I, women officially served in the armed forces for the first time in
clerical and nursing positions.
The Commercial Bureau of the American Republics was formed in order to promote
cooperation among the nations of the Western Hemisphere
belief that if US business leaders supported Latin American development, everyone would benefit
dollar diplomacy
President Taft's policies toward Latin American countries became known as _______
dollar diplomacy.
spying to acquire government secrets
espionage
During the Spanish- American war, American victory in the San Juan Heights led the Spanish to
evacuate the Spanish fleet from Cuba
In the 1880s, Secretary of State James G. Blaine led efforts to
expand American influence into Latin America
In 1852 President Millard Fillmore sent a naval expedition to Japan to
force Japan to trade with the United States
What were three of the main ideas in Wilson's Fourteen Points?
free trade and open diplomacy, national self-determination, and the establishment of the League of Nations
In the case Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that
freedom of speech could be curbed in wartime.
Americans often linked radicalism with
immigrants
During the Red Scare, Americans often linked __________ with radicalism.
immigrants
the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker nations
imperialism
According to the Selective Service Act, the order in which men were called to service was determined by
lottery.
The crisis in the Balkans represented a clash between which two ideals that were emerging in Europe?
nationalism and imperialism
The Platt Amendment effectively made Cuba into an American
protectorate
In 1898, President William McKinley sent the American battleship USS Maine to Havana to
put down riots by Spanish loyalists
In addition to the soldiers returning from Europe who needed to find employment, many African Americans who had moved north were competing for jobs and housing, which resulted in
race riots
The organization that became the Federal Bureau of Investigation was originally formed to
raid radical headquarters looking for evidence of a Communist conspiracy.
When Panamanian forces revolted against Colombia, the United States quickly
recognized Panama's independence and signed a treaty to build the Panama Canal
General Pershing insisted that American soldiers who entered the war _______.
remain in American units under American command
What did Theodore Roosevelt mean when he spoke of the United States carrying a "big stick"?
that the United States should make it clear to other nations that it intended to back up its policies with actions as well as words
What battle on the Western Front resulted in a massive German retreat?
the Battle of the Argonne Forest
After _______, Secretary of State John Hay convinced European powers not to divide China into colonies.
the Boxer Rebellion
Criticism of the war at home was effectively silenced by
the Espionage and Sedition Acts.
What treaty ended the Spanish-American War?
the Treaty of Paris
Supporters of annexing the Philippines after the Spanish-American War believed that
the islands would provide the United States with a naval base
What was the major cause of the outbreak of race riots during 1919?
the scarcity of jobs
What was the final German act that caused the United States to declare war on Germany?
the sinking of six American ships by German submarines
Why did Congress pass the Selective Service Act?
to draft Americans into the armed forces
What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China?
to ensure trading rights with China
John Fiske, an historian in the late 1800s, argued that English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government. His ideas convinced many Americans
to support expansion of American civilization
The Great Migration during World War I was the flow of
African Americans moving from the South to Northern cities.
wrote a best-selling book that helped to build public support for a strong navy
Alfred T. Mahan
How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war?
Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized.
In 1899 the United States was a major power in
Asia
How did the rise in factories influence the American drive toward imperialism?
No country had access to all the natural resources needed to run their industries.
the United States would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary
Roosevelt Corollary
What were the European alliances that were triggered when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?
Russia and France allied with Serbia against Austria-Hungary and Germany.
How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe?
Several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances.
Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 had what effect on the empire's relations with the Slavic people?
Slavs felt that Austria-Hungary had no intention of giving them independence.
When the Maine exploded, who did many Americans hold responsible?
Spain
What happened as a result of the American annexation of the Philippines?
The Filipinos rebelled.
How did U.S. attempts at opening trade with Japan influence Japanese culture?
The Japanese began an industrial revolution of their own.
President William Howard Taft's "dollar diplomacy" placed less emphasis on military force and more on helping Latin American industry.
True
The United States first applied the Roosevelt Corollary in the Dominican Republic, which had fallen behind on its debt payments to European nations
True
the United States constructed the Panama Canal after a French company had abandoned its own efforts to do so.
True
Bolshevik leader
Vladimir Lenin
coordinated the production of war materials
War Industries Board
How did America fund the $32 billion war effort?
by raising taxes and selling bonds
Realizing a draft was necessary, Congress created a new system of conscription called
selective service.
In the United States, public support for Cuban rebels was fueled in large part by which of the following?
sensational stories published by rival newspapers
One of the largest strikes in American history began when steel workers went on strike for recognition of their union, higher pay, and
shorter hours.
In the 1880s, economic and military competition from other nations and a growing feeling of cultural superiority convinced many Americans that
the United States should become a world power
Advancements in technology led to what new theater of battle?
the air, with dogfights between planes
What event in 1914 triggered the beginning of World War I?
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
