US History Ch. 14 & 16

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the US had a duty to shape "less civilized" parts of the world

Anglo-Saxonism

the idea that english-speaking nations were superior to other nations

Anglo-Saxonism

What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another?

Countries began to engage in militarism.

On April 11, 1898, President McKinley asked Congress to authorize the use of force to end the conflict in

Cuba

the Treaty of Paris of 1898, which formerly ended the Spanish-American War, granted independence to which of the following?

Cuba

John Fiske's idea of Anglo-Saxonism promoted the notion that

English-speaking countries were superior to others.

Economic and military competition from ____ helped to convince many Americans that the United States should become a world power

Europe

Woodrow Wilson wanted Victoriano Huerta to be in power in Mexico, but he was murdered by the forces of Francisco Madero.

False

Bosnian revolutionary behind assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Gavrilo Princip

The British entered World War I when

German troops crossed into Belgium.

What enabled Theodore Roosevelt to become president in 1901?

He beat William Jennings Bryan.

Why is it believed that Harding won by such a wide margin?

He promised an end to the reforms that had led to so much strife.

Perhaps the most successful government agency during this time was the Food Administration, which was run by

Herbert Hoover.

What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles?

It rejected the notion of a League of Nations.

took a naval expedition to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty

Mathew C. Perry

In the "Roosevelt corollary" to the ________________, the United States asserted greater power in Latin America.

Monroe Doctrine

To prevent strikes from disrupting the war effort, the government established the

National War Labor Board.

idea that the U.S. and Latin America should work together

Pan-Americanism

The idea that the U.S. and Latin America should work together became known as

Pan-Americanism.

What event prompted President Wilson to send troops into Mexico in 1916?

Pancho Villa led a raid on a town in New Mexico.

ensured that Cuba would remain tied to the United States

Platt Amendment

Which of the following was a Spanish territory acquired by the U.S. during the Spanish-American War?

Puerto Rico

What event in April 1919 further fueled fears of Communist radicals in America?

The Postal Service intercepted 30 bombs sent to prominent Americans.

_______, an American volunteer cavalry unit, attacked San Juan Hill in Cuba and won.

The Rough Riders

8.Why were some American leaders opposed to the annexation of the Philippines?

They felt it threatened the U.S. economically and violated U.S. principles.

controlled mosquito populations to minimize disease during construction of the Panama Canal

William Crawford Gorgas

What result of inflation caused national unrest across the country in 1919?

Workers began to strike in massive numbers.

What new American attitude toward international affairs led to the building-up of the U.S. Navy?

a willingness to go to war to protect American interests overseas

Why did trench warfare result in such horrific casualties?

because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemy's position nearly impossible

Where was the Western Front?

between Germany and France

goods prohibited from shipment to Germany or its allies

contraband

To conserve energy, the Fuel Administration shortened workweeks for factories that did not make war materials and introduced

daylight savings time.

What caused many Americans to support the Cuban rebels?

exaggerated newspaper stories of Spanish atrocities

What were "victory gardens"?

gardens in which citizens grew their own vegetables

Which economic policies put in place by industrialized nations caused those nations to look for new markets?

high tariffs against one another's goods

At the first Pan-American Conference in 1889, the United States hoped to strengthen trade and diplomacy with Latin American nation in part to

keep European powers from meddling in the Americas

The desire to promote one's own country's culture and interests above all other nations is called _______.

nationalism

information designed to influence opinion

propaganda

local rulers had to accept advice from an imperial power

protectorate

area where a foreign nation controlled economic development

sphere of influence

Theodore Roosevelt gained territorial rights in Panama by means of

supporting a revolution in Panama.

What strike led to the dismissal of the entire striking workforce?

the Boston Police Strike

"Selling" the war to the American people was the task of

the Committee on Public Information.

Secretary of State John Hay promoted _______, in which all nations agreed to let the others trade with China.

the Open Door Policy

As Westward expansion slowed in the 1800s and Americans began looking for overseas markets, many naturally tended to look toward

the Pacific

What Spanish possession did the U.S. gain on May 1, 1898, when Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish navy?

the Philippines

What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east?

the Russian Revolution and establishment of a Communist state

What is imperialism?

the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones

What was the "Great Migration"?

the movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the North to take factory jobs

Which of the following was a reason for the United States to become more active in international affairs?

the need to find new markets

Who walked off the job in Boston in what was perhaps the most famous strike of 1919?

the police force.

What specific event triggered American cries for war against Spain?

the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor

What was the Zimmermann telegram?

the telegram to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost to the U.S. if they joined the war

What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board?

to coordinate the production of war materials

What was the purpose of the wartime agencies created in the U.S. during World War I?

to foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses

Why did the United States seek trade cooperation with Latin America?

to increase Latin American demand for American products

What were the purposes of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

to prevent spying and curtail criticism of the government

What was the purpose of the Palmer Raids?

to seize and deport immigrant anarchists

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?

to sell the war effort to Americans

What was America's primary interest in Asia?

trade with China and Japan

World War I was the first war in which

women officially served in the armed forces.

sensational reporting in which writers often exaggerated or made up stories

yellow journalism

Sensationalist reporting, in which reporters exaggerate or make up stories, is referred to as

yellow journalism.

In 1908 the Serbs became furious when

Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia.

During World War I, a group called the _____________ took power in Russia and established a Communist government.

Bolsheviks

In 1903 the United States negotiated with ______ for the right to build a canal through its province of Panama

Colombia

As president, Theodore Roosevelt opposed the Open Door Policy in China and worked to establish an American trade monopoly there.

False

supreme commander of the Allied forces

Ferdinand Foch

established a civil government for Puerto Rico

Foraker Act

gave patriotic speeches urging support of war effort

Four-Minute Men

Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, Cuba became an independent nation, the United States agreed to pay Spain $20 million for the Philippines, and the United States acquired Puerto Rico and

Guam

How were President Wilson's foreign policies different from those of his predecessors?

He was opposed to imperialism.

What caused rapid inflation in the U.S. after the war ended?

Jobs were scarce, and companies that were forced to keep prices low during the war raised them dramatically.

method of loaning money to the government to pay for war

Liberty Bonds

British ship sunk by Germany, killing over 1,000 passengers

Lusitania

What effect did the war have on women in America?

Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men.

U.S. foreign relations were damaged by President Woodrow Wilson's intervention in

Mexico

The Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of the _______ Doctrine

Monroe

What U.S. action in 1894 set off a new rebellion in Cuba?

The U.S. increased its sugar tariff.

Which of the following was an effect of Wilson's policies in Mexico between 1914 and 1917?

Wilson's policies were ridiculed and U.S. foreign relations were damaged

What was the Red Scare?

a fear of Communists seizing control of America

A foreign area whose rulers are allowed to retain power in exchange for the protection of a more powerful nation is called

a protectorate

In the 1920 election, Warren G. Harding ran on the platform of _______.

a return to normalcy

Under the Open Door Policy promoted by Secretary of State John Hay,

all countries would be allowed to trade with China

What was the only group of women in the military sent overseas in World War I?

army nurses

Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia?

because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British navy

How did American Admiral William Sims change the war at sea?

by creating convoys in which merchant ships and small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together

How did the Fuel Administration attempt to conserve coal and oil during the war?

by instituting Heatless Mondays and creating daylight savings time

During World War I, women officially served in the armed forces for the first time in

clerical and nursing positions.

The Commercial Bureau of the American Republics was formed in order to promote

cooperation among the nations of the Western Hemisphere

belief that if US business leaders supported Latin American development, everyone would benefit

dollar diplomacy

President Taft's policies toward Latin American countries became known as _______

dollar diplomacy.

spying to acquire government secrets

espionage

During the Spanish- American war, American victory in the San Juan Heights led the Spanish to

evacuate the Spanish fleet from Cuba

In the 1880s, Secretary of State James G. Blaine led efforts to

expand American influence into Latin America

In 1852 President Millard Fillmore sent a naval expedition to Japan to

force Japan to trade with the United States

What were three of the main ideas in Wilson's Fourteen Points?

free trade and open diplomacy, national self-determination, and the establishment of the League of Nations

In the case Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that

freedom of speech could be curbed in wartime.

Americans often linked radicalism with

immigrants

During the Red Scare, Americans often linked __________ with radicalism.

immigrants

the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker nations

imperialism

According to the Selective Service Act, the order in which men were called to service was determined by

lottery.

The crisis in the Balkans represented a clash between which two ideals that were emerging in Europe?

nationalism and imperialism

The Platt Amendment effectively made Cuba into an American

protectorate

In 1898, President William McKinley sent the American battleship USS Maine to Havana to

put down riots by Spanish loyalists

In addition to the soldiers returning from Europe who needed to find employment, many African Americans who had moved north were competing for jobs and housing, which resulted in

race riots

The organization that became the Federal Bureau of Investigation was originally formed to

raid radical headquarters looking for evidence of a Communist conspiracy.

When Panamanian forces revolted against Colombia, the United States quickly

recognized Panama's independence and signed a treaty to build the Panama Canal

General Pershing insisted that American soldiers who entered the war _______.

remain in American units under American command

What did Theodore Roosevelt mean when he spoke of the United States carrying a "big stick"?

that the United States should make it clear to other nations that it intended to back up its policies with actions as well as words

What battle on the Western Front resulted in a massive German retreat?

the Battle of the Argonne Forest

After _______, Secretary of State John Hay convinced European powers not to divide China into colonies.

the Boxer Rebellion

Criticism of the war at home was effectively silenced by

the Espionage and Sedition Acts.

What treaty ended the Spanish-American War?

the Treaty of Paris

Supporters of annexing the Philippines after the Spanish-American War believed that

the islands would provide the United States with a naval base

What was the major cause of the outbreak of race riots during 1919?

the scarcity of jobs

What was the final German act that caused the United States to declare war on Germany?

the sinking of six American ships by German submarines

Why did Congress pass the Selective Service Act?

to draft Americans into the armed forces

What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China?

to ensure trading rights with China

John Fiske, an historian in the late 1800s, argued that English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of government. His ideas convinced many Americans

to support expansion of American civilization

The Great Migration during World War I was the flow of

African Americans moving from the South to Northern cities.

wrote a best-selling book that helped to build public support for a strong navy

Alfred T. Mahan

How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war?

Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized.

In 1899 the United States was a major power in

Asia

How did the rise in factories influence the American drive toward imperialism?

No country had access to all the natural resources needed to run their industries.

the United States would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary

Roosevelt Corollary

What were the European alliances that were triggered when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?

Russia and France allied with Serbia against Austria-Hungary and Germany.

How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe?

Several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances.

Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 had what effect on the empire's relations with the Slavic people?

Slavs felt that Austria-Hungary had no intention of giving them independence.

When the Maine exploded, who did many Americans hold responsible?

Spain

What happened as a result of the American annexation of the Philippines?

The Filipinos rebelled.

How did U.S. attempts at opening trade with Japan influence Japanese culture?

The Japanese began an industrial revolution of their own.

President William Howard Taft's "dollar diplomacy" placed less emphasis on military force and more on helping Latin American industry.

True

The United States first applied the Roosevelt Corollary in the Dominican Republic, which had fallen behind on its debt payments to European nations

True

the United States constructed the Panama Canal after a French company had abandoned its own efforts to do so.

True

Bolshevik leader

Vladimir Lenin

coordinated the production of war materials

War Industries Board

How did America fund the $32 billion war effort?

by raising taxes and selling bonds

Realizing a draft was necessary, Congress created a new system of conscription called

selective service.

In the United States, public support for Cuban rebels was fueled in large part by which of the following?

sensational stories published by rival newspapers

One of the largest strikes in American history began when steel workers went on strike for recognition of their union, higher pay, and

shorter hours.

In the 1880s, economic and military competition from other nations and a growing feeling of cultural superiority convinced many Americans that

the United States should become a world power

Advancements in technology led to what new theater of battle?

the air, with dogfights between planes

What event in 1914 triggered the beginning of World War I?

the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary


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