US History Final Chapters 15-17

When the Civil War broke out, President Lincoln did not want to make the war about ending slavery because he

Doubted he had the right to do anything about slavery under the Constitution

The Compromise of 1877 essentially

Ended reconstruction

General Lee's surrender to General Grant

Ended the war because the troops didn't want to continue without their leader

Jefferson Davis's objective as president of the newly formed Confederate States of America was to

Establish the Confederacy as a permanent, independent republic

The Chinese Exclusion Act

Eventually led to a sharp decline in the Chinese population in the American West

During the Civil War, the "twenty-Negro law" angered many poor white Southerners because it

Exempted one, usually wealthy, white man from military service if they owned twenty or more slaves

The slaves that remained on the plantations used the chaos of the war to

Expand control over their lives by negotiating with the mistresses of the plantation for better working conditions

Freedman in the occupied Confederate state were very unhappy that the new labor regime imposed by the Union military during the Civil War

Failed to outlaw whipping

By the end of the Indian Wars, the Native American population in the United States had

Fallen to as little as 250,000 from a high of at least 15 million before Europeans arrived

The introduction of ironclad ships into the Civil War

Helped the South for a while but the advantage didn't last after the Union introduced their own ironclad ship

The 15th Amendment prohibited states from denying the right to vote on the basis of

Race

After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri chose to

Remain loyal to the Union

Repeated

Repeated

___________ opposed Andrew Johnson's plans for reconstruction because they felt he was trying to bring back white rule in the South

Republicans

The Wade-Davis bill differed from Lincoln's plan for reconstruction by

Requiring that at least half the voters in a former rebel state take the loyalty oath before reconstruction could begin

During reconstruction, Southern Black Codes

Restricted freedmen's economic and civil rights

In the Slaughterhouse cases and US v Cruikshank, the Supreme Court

Restricted the ability of the federal government to protect individuals from discrimination by other individuals

With a majority in Congress during the war, Republicans passed legislation that helped the Northern economy through

Restructuring the U.S. banking, monetary, and tax systems

President Lincoln's efforts to quiet opposition to the war

Resulted in the arrest and imprisonment of many Democrats

President Johnson shocked reformers when he instructed military and government officials to

Return all confiscated and abandoned land to pardoned ex-Confederates

Following emancipation, many ex-slaves sought to

Reunite family members that had been sold

The easiest way to get rich in the silver mines was

Selling shares in your mine on the stock market

The system under which farmers rented small pieces of land and paid for it with a portion of their crops was known as

Sharecropping

The Civil War brought an end to slavery legally and because

Slaves ran away in large numbers as it became harder to discipline slaves while the white men were away at war

The border states of Missouri and Kentucky barely voted to stay with the Union but

Small bands of guerilla fighters terrorized Northern sympathizers throughout the war

When the Civil War ended, President Lincoln was confident that

The burdens of the post-war period would be as hard as the burdens of the war

At the end of the Civil War

The dominance of the federal government was established

Why did hundreds of thousands of Americans migrate to the West after the Civil War?

To own their own land

What was the goal of the Wade-Davis Bill?

To punish the South

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlawed racial discrimination in

Transportation, public accommodations, and juries

Supreme Court decisions after the Civil War largely

Undermined reconstruction

The Ghost Dance was

Was a religious ritual that was supposed to rid the Native Americans of the whites

The siege of Vicksburg was

Was an important Union victory that secured the Mississippi River

The Treaty of Fort Laramie

Was violated by the U.S. when gold was discovered in the Black Hills

The wealth produced in the Nevada silver mines

Went mostly to speculators who sold shares in mines from San Francisco and other cities

In western mining communities, labor unions

Were able to obtain better wages and health care for their members

Most appointees to territorial governments

Were being rewarded for their political support of party candidates

The Battle of Bull Run was significant because it

Demonstrated that the Civil War would not be short or easy

Shows like William Cody's Wild West Show

Described the West in mythical terms and often did not accurately portray history

As the Republicans took control of the state governments in the South, they focused on

Public education, care for orphans, and prison reform

General William Tecumseh Sherman summed up the U.S. government's policy toward Native Americans when he stated

"Remove all to a safe place and then reduce them to a helpless condition"

The Homestead Act promised

160 acres to any man or woman who agreed to live on the land for 5 years

Geronimo was

A Sioux warrior who defeated the U.S. Army on the Great Plains

The Ku Klux Klan became a paramilitary organization, but it began as

A social club for Confederate veterans

When General Sherman marched across Georgia to the sea, he intended to

Destroy the will of the Southern people and leave nothing behind for the Confederate army to use

President Johnson's response to the 14th Amendment was to

Advise Southerners to reject the amendment

Who made up the majority of the Republican Party in the South after the end of the Civil War?

African Americans

At the Battle of Shiloh, General Ulysses S. Grant used the tactic of

All out warfare that led to the loss of many soldiers on both sides

Typically the Northerners saw secession as

An attack on the best government on earth

Although the Chinese were considered to be hard workers, prejudice kept them from working

As servants

Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation

Because he saw emancipation as a military necessity

President Lincoln decided not to abandon Fort Sumter because he

Believed that abandoning it would violate his inaugural promise to defend federal property

The buffalo herds were killed off by

Both irresponsible hunters and buffalo hunters hired by the railroads

The Dawes Allotment Act

Broke up the reservation system and gave up to 160 acres of land to individual Native Americans

The Union blockade of the Confederate states made it necessary for the Confederate government to

Build its own industrial sector

Large southern landowners complained that the army's solution from slave labor to paid labor would not work because it

Did not allow for the use of physical punishment

The impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson

Caused Johnson to reach a truce with Congress

The largest ethnic group in the mining communities of the American West was the

Chinese

The Civil War officially began when

Confederates fired on troops sent to resupply Fort Sumter

In attempting to establish a plan of Reconstruction near the end of the war

Congress and Lincoln disagreed as to who had authority to plan Reconstruction

In the Compromise of 1877

Democrats accepted a Republican president in exchange for federal funds for the South and the removal of Union troops

The term "Exodusters" refers to

Freed African Americans who left the South to settle in the West

When Lincoln said that, "If General McClellan doesn't want to use the army I would like to borrow it", he was expressing his

Frustration that McClellan had a large, well-trained army and wouldn't use to attack the Confederate army

President Lincoln's reconstruction plan, the 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, offered

Full pardons to ex-rebels who would renounce secession and accept the abolition of slavery

The Homestead Act

Gave land in the West to people would then be loyal to the Union

To encourage the construction of railroads after the Civil War, state and federal governments

Gave railroad companies millions of acres of land

The 14th Amendment dealt with voting rights for blacks by

Giving Congress the right to reduce a state's representation if the state refused to give all black adult males the right to vote

For Native Americans, the discovery of silver on the Comstock

Had a disastrous impact on their land and the bison they lived on

Homesteaders often found that the best land in the West

Had been snatched up by speculators

At the end of the first year of the Civil War, fighting in the East

Had reached a stalemate

After Grant was elected President

He formed an administration that was known for corruption

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1866 extraordinary?

It made discrimination in state laws illegal

Congress took the first steps towards emancipation when it passed the first Confiscation Act

Labeled slaves as contraband of war

When comparing the leadership of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis, it can be said that

Lincoln had little political or military experience but was a masterful leader, while Davis brought much experience but was an ineffective leader

The invention of barbed wire revolutionized the cattle industry by

Making it possible for ranchers to fence in their herds

Thousands of women volunteered to serve as nurses during the Civil War, however

Many men doubted they could handle the job as they thought women were too delicate to handle so much disease and injury

Towards the end of reconstruction, the goals of reconstruction had been

Mostly abandoned by Northerners

The federal government's policy towards territorial governments in the West can best be described as

Neglectful

Clara Barton was best known for her efforts during the Civil War as a

Nurse on and off the battlefield

To make emancipation more acceptable to white Northerners, President Lincoln initially

Offered to deport African Americans out of the country

The Democrats' strategy to defeat the Republicans included

Playing on people's racial prejudices, blaming Republicans for the South's economic problems, and terrorizing people into voting Democratic

When the Civil War began, most Northerners saw it as an opportunity to

Preserve the Union and uphold the Constitution

The Civil War ended slavery, but the Reconstruction failed to

Protect civil rights for freedmen

Redeemers were

Southern Democrats who wanted to overthrow Republican governments in the South

Abraham Lincoln's first goal when he took office as president was to

Stop secession from spreading to the Upper South states

Black Codes were an attempt to

Subordinate blacks to whites

Southerners expected that Britain and perhaps France would ally with the confederacy to avoid having their

Supply of cotton interrupted

Initially Confederates used King Cotton diplomacy, a strategy based on the belief

That cotton starved countries in Europe would enter the war on the side of the Confederates and break the Union blockade

In the Presidential election of 1876

The Democratic candidate won the popular vote but fell one electoral vote short

When it came to supplying the Confederate troops

The South had fewer resources than the North and its lack of infrastructure made delivering the supplies very difficult

The Comstock Lode was

The richest vein of silver ore ever found on the American Continent

In the months before the end of the war, Confederate troops were demoralized because

The years of fighting, lack of supplies, and concern for their families had taken its toll

Southerners believed that they had a real chance of winning the Civil War because

They believed that withholding cotton would wreck the Northern economy and bring England and France into the war as allies

States in the Upper South that seceded from the Union after the Battle of Fort Sumter did so because

They couldn't see themselves fighting against fellow Southerners

While the Northern economy grew during the war, Northern workers found that

They had more control over their wages and working conditions because labor was in short supply

Some ex-slaves left the churches where they were forced to worship with their slave owners and joined predominately black churches because

They wanted freedom to worship without whites watching over them

White Southerners from all classes of society enlisted to fight against the North because

They wanted to preserve their Southern way of life and keep slaves subordinate to whites

When northern farmers took up arms in the Civil War, their domestic tasks were taken over by

Women

The voting rights provision of the 14th Amendment was a major disappointment to

Women who wanted the right to vote

Ex-slaves believed that ownership of land

Would give them the same ability to earn an income as white workers