Water Operator Certification Study Material ( New Mexico) (Basic)
Height a centrifugal pump can theoretically push water ___ feet
33.9
Maximum total chlorine residual ___ mg/l
4
___ or less than 5% bacteriological samples must be taken every month before a system is allowed to have TWO positive samples without violating the drinking water standard?
40
The Failure of a public water system to comply with the NM Drinking Water Regulations must be reported to NMED within ___ hours
48
Violations for Radiological must be reported in ___ hours
48
Bacteriological sampling results be kept ___ years
5
If Bacteriological retakes are done this month what is the minimum number of samples that must be turned in next month?
5
If retakes are required this month what is the minimum number of samples required next month
5
Chlorine gas flexible feed tubes should be replaced every ___ months
6
Fire hydrants should never be placed on less than ___ inch water line
6
Keep the chlorine gas forming Chlorine Hydrate also know as "GREEN ICE". Chlorine room be kept above ___ F degrees?
60
Violations for Chemical/s Must be reported in ___ days
7
Head loss for a Rapid sand Filter should not be more than ___ feet
8
Used when two storage tanks that serve the same area have different overflow elevations
Altitude Valve
Composed of two meters that can read small flows and large flows
Compound meter
Should be done before you excavate to make a repair
Contact NMOC (New Mexico One Call), by phone, dial 811.
Located where the service is attached to the main
Corporation stop
Bacteria that are found only in surface water supplies
Cryptosporidium & Giardia
If a system adds fluoride, fluoride testing should occur
Daily
Destruction of Pathogens
Disinfection
Why should you never throttle the flow using the hydrant valve on a dry-barrel hydrant
Drain hole will be open which may undercut the sidewalk and hydrant
Radiological Contaminants
Natural or man made sources of Radiation
Device used to measure NTU's
Nephelometer
SDWA sampling results must be reported to
New Mexico Enviroment Department (NMED)
Primary Inorganic Contaminant poses an immediate health risk
Nitrates
What type of contaminant is Iron
Secondary
Turbidity Contaminants
Silt & Clay, Suspended Matter That will not readily settle
Found in bleach
Sodium Hypochlorite
White powder used to neutralize chlorine
Sodium Thiosulphate
Chemicals used as sources of fluoride
Sodium silicofluoride and hydrofluorosilic acid
Byprouducts of drinking water chlorination. these byprouducts form when chlorine reacts with dissolved natural organic matter, moslty plant life
Trihalomethanes
Cause problems with liver, kidney, central nervous systems, may increase cancer risk and have possible reprouductive health risks
Trihalomethanes
Production of mounds of rust on the inside of the pipe
Tuberculation
Turbidity is Measured with
Turbidimeter or Nephelometer
Primary Contaminant that shields harmful bacteria from disinfection processes
Turbidity
Ground & Surface
Two sources of water
Wet barrel and dry barrel
Two types of fire hydrants
Waterborne pathogens found in all water supplies
Typhoid, Cholera, Dysentery, Hepatitis, Paratyphoid (types A & B)
When filling a main, the water velocity should never exceed? ___ ft/sec
1
Flash mixers detention time be ___ minutes or 5 to 7 feet per second
1 - 3
Chemical sampling results be kept ___ years
10
Percentage unaccounted for water become excessive?
10
Sanitary survey records must be kept ___ years
10
Rapid sand filter run time should not exceed ___ hours
100
To keep Chlorine cylinders from rupturing from gas expanding. Chlorine rooms be kept below ___ F degrees
120
At what temperature does the designed fusible plugs melt? ___ F
157
How soon must NMED be notified that a Bacterial MCL has been exceeded? ___ hours
24
Public water system is a system that serves a population of ___ or more regularly
25
Ground water systems must sample for inorganic chemicals every ___ years
3
The SDWA Compliance Cycle for Standardized Monitoring Rule consists of ___ Compliance Periods
3
Formed when Chlorine reacts with water
Hypochlorus acid & Hydrochloric acid
Main operating unit in a centrifugal pump
Impeller
Coliform group
Indicator organism
Microorganisms whose presence in water indicates probable presence of pathogens.
Indicator organism
Mineral Contaminants
Iron, Manganese, Carbon Dioxide, Hydro Sulfide
Minimum number of Bac-T samples required each month?
1
Action level for Lead ___ mg/l
0.015
MCL for Total Trihalomethanes ___ mg/l
0.1
if a 3-log removal is required for Giardia Lamblia what percentage of organisms can survive and still meet requirements
0.1
Optimum concentration of fluoride in water. ___ mg/l
0.8 - 1.2
The best way to protect the water supply from contamination by cross-connection
Air gap
Removal of taste and odor problems
Air stripping
Factor is used to determine the optimum dosage of fluoride
Air temperature
Used to locate Chlorine leaks
Ammonia
Microbiological contaminants
Bacteria, Virus & Protozoa
Two means of determining the chemical stability of water
Baylis Curve and Calcium Carbonate Stability Test (Marble Test)
The Presence of Nitrates in the bloodstream that reduces oxygen uptake that gives the skin a blue tint
Blue Baby Syndrome
Results in a free chlorine residual
Breakpoint chlorination
Type of valve is best suited for throttling flows
Butterfly Valve
Scale forming substance in water
Calcium carbonate
The positive side of the cathodic protection system
Cathode
Low voltage current through the water in a storage tank which concentrates corrosion on the sacrificial anode
Cathodic protection
Why is fluoride an Inorganic Primary Contaminant
Causes harder more brittle bones
Disinfectants used to treat drinking water. Most commonly formed when ammonia is added to chlorine to treat drinking water. The typical purpose is to provide longer-lasting water treatment as the water moves through pipes to consumers. This type of disinfection is known as secondary disinfection.
Chloramines
May be used for the removal of Iron & Manganese, some kinds of Taste & Odors, and some dissolved gases, such as Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide
Chlorine
A physical & Chemical reaction occurring which results in the formation of insoluable solids (Floc) which settles
Coagulation
Additional piece of equipment needed to feed liquefied chlorine gas from a ton cylinder
Evaporator
Water that is lost or given up to the atmosphere by plants or the surface of streams, lakes and oceans.
Evapotranspiration
Primary contaminant is sometimes added to water supplies to prevent tooth decay
Fluoride
To insure the water being sampled is from the main and not the customers plumbling
Flush line
Prevent Chlorine cylinders from rupturing when gets too hot
Fusible Plugs
Liquid fluoride
Hydrofluorosilicic acid
Natural water cycle
Hydrologic Cycle
Inorganic contaminants
Lead, Mercury, Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium, Arsenic, Radionuclides
Maximum Contaminent Level
MCL
Anytime the MCL is exceeded and fecal coliform positive results come back from any of the samples
Non-acute violation
Type of pipe is not affected by corrosive water
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Disease causing Bacteria
Pathogens
Number is used to determine how many Bac-t samples must be taken
People served
Organic contaminants
Pesticides, Herbicides, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Volatile Organic Chemicals
An attachment to the well casing to provide a sanitary seal between the well casing and the effluent line
Pitless adapter
Determines what water level that is required for water treatment operator
Population
Equipment used to feed liquid fluoride or liquid chlorine
Positive displacement diaphragm metering pumps
Most common type of residential meter
Positive displacement meter
Water that is safe to drink
Potable
Why is Fluoride added to drinking water?
Prevent tooth decay
Water
Universal solvent
Caused by closing a valve too quickly
Water hammer
Under registers and records less water than actually used
Worn meter
Most Turbidity carry a negative charge causing a electro-chemical repulsion called
Zeta Potential