Week 2 - PrepU Acid-Base Balance & Mechanical Ventilation Questions
Positive Homans' sign
pain in the calf when the foot is dorsiflexed
As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance?
respiratory acidosis *as it worsens, PaCO2 increases & pH decreases
A client is prescribed a histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist. The nurse understands that this might include which medication(s)?
- nizatidine - famotidine - cimetidine
Examples of proton pump inhibitors
- omeprazole - esomeprazole - pantoprazole - lansoprazole
A nursing student is caring for a client with gastritis. Which of the following would the student recognize as a common cause of gastritis?
- overuse of aspirin/NSAIDs - ingestion of strong acids - irritating foods - excessive alcohol intake - bile reflux - radiation therapy
Normal urine pH
4.5-8.0 *pH of 7 is considered neutral
A client is diagnosed with mild obstructive sleep apnea after having a sleep study performed. What treatment modality will be the most effective for this client?
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Increased appetite and thirst may indicate that a client with chronic pancreatitis has developed diabetes mellitus. What explains the cause of this secondary diabetes?
Dysfunction of the pancreatic islet cells
Before seeing a newly assigned client with respiratory alkalosis, a nurse quickly reviews the client's medical history. Which condition is a predisposing factor for respiratory alkalosis?
Extreme anxiety
The nurse on a surgical unit is caring for a client recovering from recent surgery with the placement of a nasogastric tube to low continuous suction Which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur?
Metabolic alkalosis
Which of the following factors would a nurse identify as a most likely cause of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a client with diabetes?
The client has eaten and has not taken or received insulin.
A nurse is providing client teaching about the body's plasma pH and the client asks the nurse what is the major chemical regulator of plasma pH. What is the best response by the nurse?
bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
A client with emphysema is at a greater risk for developing which acid-base imbalance?
chronic respiratory acidosis
Which clients are at highest risk for peptic ulcer disease?
clients with type O blood
At what point in shock does metabolic acidosis occur?
decompensation (progressive) phase
A client comes to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. His respiratory rate is 48 breaths/minute, and he is wheezing. An arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3??') of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings?
respiratory alkalosis
The nurse observes a client with an onset of heart failure having rapid, shallow breathing at a rate of 32 breaths/minute. What blood gas analysis does the nurse anticipate finding initially?
respiratory alkalosis
The nurse is caring for a client with multiple organ failure and in metabolic acidosis. Which pair of organs is responsible for regulatory processes and compensation?
lungs and kidney
Vomiting results in which acid-base imbalance?
metabolic alkalosis
A patient who has been treated for uric acid stones is being discharged from the hospital. What type of diet does the nurse discuss with the patient?
low-purine diet *avoid foods high in purine: shellfish, anchovies, asparagus, mushrooms & organ meats
The nurse is studying for a physiology test over the respiratory system. What should the nurse know about central chemoreceptors in the medulla?
They respond to changes in CO2 levels and hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Positive Trousseau's sign
a carpopedal spasm induced by occluding blood flow to the arm for 3 minutes with a blood pressure cuff **occurs as a result of hypocalcemia
Which oncologic emergency involves the failure in the negative feedback mechanism that normally regulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH)
Positive Chvostek's sign
tapping on the facial nerve, resulting in a spasm or twitching of the mouth, nose and eye
A client is being mechanically ventilated in the ICU. The ventilator alarms begin to sound. The nurse should complete which action first?
troubleshoot to identify the malfunction
Which of the following may be the first sign of respiratory acidosis in anesthetized patients?
ventricular fibrillation
Which type of ventilator has a preset volume of air to be delivered with each inspiration?
volume-controlled
