WH ch 18 questions

At the end of WWII, the Allied Powers divided Germany into four zones -- each being occupied by one of the Allied Powers, Berlin was also divided into four zones. The four ministers of each occupied territory met constantly hoping to arrive at a final peace treaty with Germany but had little success. Meanwhile, some of the territories were joining their economies for support and by 1948 the same territories plan to unify the sections of Western Germany and Berlin to create a West German government. The Soviets reacted with a blockade of West Berlin.

What events led to the Berlin Airlift? How did the Soviets react?

A proxy war occurs when two powers in conflict use substitutes instead of fighting each other directly. Proxy wars were common during the Cold War. In addition, a Cold War proxy conflict almost turned into a major nuclear war over the small island of Cuba. Armed with devastating nuclear arsenals, neither the United States nor the Soviet Union wanted to fight each other directly. However, both nations were willing to support opposing sides in local wars in the ongoing struggle between their two worldviews. KOREAN AND VIETNAM WARS

What is a proxy war? Identify 2 of the proxy wars the United States was involved in during the Cold War and explain why the United States decided it was important to fight the war.

A proxy war occurs when two powers in conflict use substitutes instead of fighting each other directly. Proxy wars were common during the Cold War. Armed with devastating nuclear arsenals, neither the United States nor the Soviet Union wanted to fight each other directly. To stem Communist aggression in the East, the United States, Great Britain, France, Pakistan, the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand formed the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), which included Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Great Britain, and the United States, was meant to prevent Soviet expansion into the Middle East. The Soviet Union also created a series of alliances.

What is a proxy war? What two proxy wars were the Soviet Union and the United States involved in during the Cold War?

He wanted to take all of the farms from people and give them to the state. Then, everyone would work together on farms and get equal pay. This did not affect food production and supply, but increased population. The Great Leap Forward plan made the farms into communes. Food production went down since workers disliked the system and weather was bad, along with droughts. (Starvation)

What steps did Mao Zedong take to increase food production? What were their effects?

NATO was a European alliance with America minus Russia. This was to make all of them stronger. It was a strong military alliance to prevent the spread of communism. They would defend each other if one of them got attacked.

What was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization? Why was it formed?

In 1949 the Cold War spread from Europe to Asia when the Chinese Communists won the Chinese civil war and set up a new Communist regime. American fears about the spread of communism intensified, especially when the new Chinese Communist leaders made it clear that they supported "national wars of liberation" in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. When Communist China signed a pact of friendship and cooperation with the Soviet Union in 1950, some Americans began to speak of a Communist desire for world domination. When war broke out in Korea, the Cold War had arrived in Asia.

When and how did the Cold War spread from Europe to Asia?

The Red Guards were the misfits of society. They were the people to kick capitalism out of China. The Cultural Revolution was a plan to bring back communism in China, to cleanse China and bring back their old ways. They set out to kill the Four Olds- ideas, customs, habits, and culture. (Burning books, getting rid of music, temples were destroyed) They had to carry around a little red book that carried Mao's ideas and thoughts. Women got rights as well.

Who were the Red Guards? What did the Red Guards do to enforce the Cultural Revolution?

After its surrender, Germany was divided into four sectors. It was also divided because the fate of Germany became a source of heated disagreement between the Soviets and the West.

Why Germany was divided into 4 sectors:

Soviets dislike capitalism, Americans hate communism, this created a dislike between them. They were allies due to a common enemy. After this- they agree on nothing else, leading to dislike. They have nuclear weapons, deterring each other from invading or directly impacting one another.

Why did the United States and the Soviet Union become political rivals after World War II? And explain how the United States and the Soviet Union used nuclear weapons as a form of deterrence.

The United States thought that if Vietnam was to fall to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would become communist. This was a legitimate fear back then, especially after China fell to communism, and the USA thought Vietnam would end up being a threat to Japan, whom the US had made a thriving, capitalist economy in Asia. In the end, Vietnam fell to communism but communism did not spread to other nations, proving the domino theory wrong.

Why did the domino theory cause the United States to become involved in Vietnam?

Soviets in China agreed to support but split Vietnam. They were to hold elections in two years. The Us was okay with elections, but then nothing happened. So, troops were sent in and war began. Four presidents later troops were pulled. Vietnam is still communist.

How did Cold War fears help lead to the partition of Vietnam? Did the partition have the intended effect? Explain how the United States responded.

*Classless society- no poor and all equal* Mao used economic policies to establish a classless society* by collectivization. He thought the idea of constant revolution would keep the country running smoothly and efficiently. He felt it was the best way to attain perfect communism.

How did Mao use economic policies to try and establish a classless society? And why did Mao believe permanent revolution was necessary?

The Soviet Union was intimidated by the USA's missiles right on their border in Turkey and Italy. Cuba, being an ally of Soviet Union, was a perfect opportunity to get back at America. Kennedy found out about this beforehand and confronted the Soviets publically. He threatened to nuke them if they got too close to the US, trying to prove how serious we were and not a pushover. The Soviets eventually pulled back. Now, they wanted to talk to each other. Red Phone was established.

How did the Cuban Missile Crisis ultimately create common ground between the Soviet Union and the United States?

Mao's attempt to culturally change China into a fully communist nation. *something about not succeeding*

Cultural Revolution/Proletarian Cultural Revolution

The Berlin airlift was the West's solution to giving supplies to West Berlin, deep in blockaded Soviet territory. American and British planes dropped supplies into Berlin for 10 months until the Soviets lifted the blockade.

Berlin Airlift