1.1

Example how language can be used as a tool to control and emphasized social and ethic differences

Papua New Guinea call workers "boys". Indigenous policemen were called "police boys"

Did the Europeans invent belittlement?

Europeans did not invent belittlement.

What idea was the author bound to?

Notion of smallness

What is the difference between viewing the Pacific as "islands in a far sea" and as "a sea of islands"?

1. Smallness/remoteness 2. People from the sea or islands in the sea, - holistic perspective which things are seen in the totality of their relationships

What are the two levels of operation that are pertinent to the purpose of the paper?

1. The present and the future of Pacific Island states and territories are planned and decided on. 2. Poor people make indepedent decisions that has great results but goes unnoticed or ignored.

What event or action can be traced to the derogatory and belittling views of indigenous cultures?

Christian missionaries of Oceania cultures as barbaric has long lasting and negative effects on people's views of their histories and traditions.

If the ideas of "narrow, deterministic perspectives" continue for generations, what would happen to the people and what would happen to the land and seas?

Land and seas would be at the mercy of the manipulator of the global economy and world orders of one kind or another. They remember it would be passed down generations and will have affects mentally and physically.

What reason was given to explain why aristocracy in Tonga used belittlement with commoners?

Me'a vale the ignorant ones . Keeping the ordinary folk in the dark and calling them ignorant made it easier to control and subordinate them.

According to the author, what is Oceania?

Neither tiny nor deficient in resources.

What is the difference between the two perspective used for our region: pacific islands and Oceania?

P.I- denotes small areas of land sitting atop submerged reefs or seamounts. O- denote something so vast that it would compel them to a drastic review of their perspectives and polices. How it is perceived than have the distant European nations.

How does the author describe the views of people in a dominant position and how are these views perpetuated to them have significant consequences on their inferiors?

Peoples self image and for the ways they cope with their situation.

What is the prevailing view that has been unwittingly propagated mostly by social scientists about Islanders?

Sincere concern for the welfare of Pacific peoples.

Describe the perspective or worldview of the peoples of Oceania regarding their environment. Did their environment extend beyond the shoreline?

Smallness is a state of mind.

What is the core of all oceanic cultures that is not taken into account by economists?

The sea was open to anyone who could navigate a way through. No boundaries. New resource areas, securing employment and overseas property, kinship, goods, stories. Ocean is theirs and always been home.

What does Epeli Hau'ofa say about the views of from the level of national government versus that from the level of ordinary people?

The views often differ. Superiors behave in ways or says things that is accepted by their inferiors.

What new view of Oceania did the author have in "Big Island" at a conference?

The world of Oceania is not small, it is huge and still growing bigger every day.

What is the "idea of smallness" and "tiny confined spaces" relative to?

Those who live in Polynesia or Micronesia thinks it is small or tiny. Their calculations is based on entirely on the extent of the land surfaces they see.

What is "neocolonialism" as defined by the author?

To make people believe that they have no choice but to depend.