3.7

The population change in a particular year can be calculated by:

(births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration)

The highest crude birth rate and crude death rate are in:

Africa

The following factors contribute to an increase in a populations size: I. Births II. Immigration III. Emigration

I and II

Which of the following are characteristics of countries that have high total fertility rates? I. Women marry at a young age II. There are high literacy rates for women III. The society is mostly urban

I only

The number of children an average woman would have, assuming that she lives her full reproductive lifetime, is known as the:

TFR

Replacement-level fertility is:

always greater than 2

A particular country has a total fertility rate (TFR) equal to replacement level fertility and emigration equal to immigration. Which of the following must be TRUE? a. the population will begin shrinking within ten years, based on the rule of 70 b. the population must be stable c. the population will begin growing as soon as TFR is less than or equal to 2.1 d. infant mortality must also be less than the crude death rate (CDR) e. there is not enough information to tell

b. the population must be stable

Which are the four (4) main factors that affect population size?

birth rate, death rate, immigration, emigration

A country has a TFR of 1.6 (which is below replacement rate), yet its population continues to grow. What is one likely explanation for this deviation from the norm? a. the country has such a high population momentum that it cannot stabilize or shrink b. the life expectancy is so high that it cannot stabilize or shrink c. the net immigration is high enough to overcome low TFR d. child and infant mortality is so low that it overcomes low TFR e. none of the above; a population cannot grow with a TFR below 2.1

c. the net immigration is high enough to overcome low TFR

Population growth rates are high in developing countries because:

children are often an important economic advantage

Which of the following BEST exemplifies population momentum?

continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level

The rate of the world's annual population change is affected by all of the following EXCEPT: a. crude birth rate (CBR) b. crude death rate (CDR) c. infant mortality d. migration

d. migration

Which factor would NOT influence the size of a population over time?

distance traveled by migrants

Which statement about total fertility rate is correct? a. TFR is equal to the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate b. TFR is the average number of children each woman must have to replace the current population c. TFR is generally higher in developed countries than in developing countries d. TFR is equal to the growth rate of a country e. TFR is the average number of children each woman will give birth to during her childbearing years

e. TFR is the average number of children each woman will give birth to during her childbearing years

Movement out of a population is known as:

emigration

Which of the following describes individuals leaving a population?

emigration

Compared to the United States, many other countries have lower infant mortality rates, in part because other countries:

have greater access to health care, including neonatal care

Replacement fertility:

is equal to 2.1 in stable populations

Which of the following accurately describes replacement-level fertility?

it changes according to infant mortality rates

Which of the following is a true statement about replacement-level fertility?

it is greater in countries with high infant-mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates

The number of years an individual is statistically likely to live is called his or her:

life expectancy

Demographers use many values to rank the overall health of a population. The two most useful indicators of the overall health of the people in a country or region are:

life expectancy and infant mortality rate

A particular country has an average income of less than 3 USD (United States Dollar) per person per day and low levels of industrialization. Replacement fertility in that country is most likely:

more than 2.1 births per woman

The birth rate of a population is expressed as a:

percentage

Even if a country reduces its birth rate and maintains replacement-level fertility, its population will still continue to grow for several decades because of:

population momentum

Which of the following drives down TFR?

social security

Under which of the following conditions would a population grow?

the birth rate exceeds the death rate and there is no immigration or emigration

If women delay childbearing:

the growth rate will decrease

What two main factors would best indicate the quality of life of a country's population?

the life expectancy and the infant mortality rate

The replacement birth rate is always:

the number of children a couple needs to replace themselves in a population

The total fertility rate (TFR) is an estimate of:

the number of children each woman in a population will have

Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society?

the total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition

Which of the following would DECREASE the likelihood of a couple having a child?

women have many opportunities to participate in the work force