A&P 2: Chapter 16/Blood

Which of the following triggers the release of glucagon? 1) prolonged fasting 2) hyperglycemia 3) release of somatostatin 4) release of insulin

1 *Glucagon acts to stimulate release of glucose into the blood to counteract falling levels.

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________. 1).enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormone-containing blood to the pituitary 2) first enter into the hypophyseal portal system 3) enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary 4) travel by arteries to the pituitary

2

A blow to the head may cause diabetes insipidus by ______. 1) triggering the hypersecretion of hypothalamic-inhibiting hormones 2) triggering the hyposecretion of hypothalamic-inhibiting hormones 3) interfering with the normal transmission of nerve impulses to the posterior pituitary 4) interfering with the normal transmission of nerve impulses from the posterior pituitary

3

A man has been told that he is NOT synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem. 1) The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH. 2) A hormone made in the anterior pituitary cannot influence fertility. 3) FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes. 4) FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore, it is not synthesized by males.

3

What is the primary function of hormones? 1) activate extracellular enzymes 2) influence metabolic activity of glands by electrochemical impulses 3) act as chemical messengers that regulate the metabolic function of cells in the body 4) function as enzymes that catalyze the breakdown food molecules

3

Which of the following is NOT a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? 1) an increase in enzyme synthesis 2) stimulation of mitosis 3) direct control of the nervous system 4) a change in membrane potential

3

Acromegaly may be caused by all EXCEPT which of the following? 1) hypersecretion of GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone) 2) pancreatic tumor 3) lack of negative feedback by insulin-like growth factors 4)hyposecretion of GH in adulthood

4

Adult onset diabetes, diabetes type 2, can best be described using which of the following concepts? 1) Constantly high blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High levels of insulin cause up-regulation of insulin receptors. 2) Constantly high blood sugar leads to glucagon release. Glucagon is an antagonist to insulin, leading to a decrease in insulin. 3) Constantly high blood sugar leads to the release of glucagon. Glucagon causes gluconeogenesis, which makes blood sugar higher. 4) Constantly high blood sugar leads to high insulin release. High amounts of insulin lead to down-regulation of insulin receptors.

4

Secretion of __________ is increased in response to stress. 1) follicle-stimulating hormone 2) thyroid-stimulating hormone 3) luteinizing hormone 4) adrenocorticotropic hormone

4

Steroid hormones exert their action by ________. 1) entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNA 2) activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones 3) binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activity 4) entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

4

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland? 1) adenoid 2) adrenal 3) pituitary 4) thyroid

Adenoid

What gland secretes growth hormone?

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Which hormone aids in water resorption? 1) adrenocorticotropic hormone 2) thyroid hormone 3) parathyroid hormone 4) antidiuretic hormone

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Most type 2 diabetics do NOT produce insulin. True/False

False

T/F Calcitonin is the main regulator of blood calcium levels.

False **(Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus, but stored and released from the posterior pituitary)

T/F: Steroid hormones are typically catalyzed by amino acids

False: Steroid hormones are lipid-based hormones synthesized from cholesterol.

Aldosterone ________. 1) production is greatly influenced by ACTH 2) functions to increase sodium reabsorption 2) is secreted by the posterior pituitary 4) presence increases potassium concentration in the blood

Functions to increase sodium reabsorption

Which pancreatic hormone functions to raise blood glucose levels? 1) gastrin 2) insulin 3) somatostatin 4) glucagon

Glucagon *Glucagon produced by pancreatic alpha cells increases blood sugar by stimulating glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver.

You may predict that iodized salt may be effective in preventing all EXCEPT which of the following? 1) congenital hypothyroidism 2) Graves' disease 3) endemic goiter 4) myxedema

Grave's disease

Johanna, a 7-year-old girl, is significantly shorter than normal for her age. Her doctor recommends treatment with a hormone before her growth plates ossify in her long bones. Which hormone is recommended? 1) parathyroid hormone 2) thyroid stimulating hormone 3) growth hormone 4) cortisol

Growth hormone

Low blood glucose concentration and high blood potassium concentration are examples of __________ stimuli for an endocrine gland. 1) .neural 2) antagonistic 3) humoral 4) hormonal

Humoral *Some endocrine glands secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions (such as K+) and nutrients (such as glucose). These stimuli are called humoral stimuli (from the Latin term humor, which refers to bodily fluids).

The parathyroid glands respond to which type of stimulus? 1) hormonal 2) humoral 3) positive 4) neural

Humoral- operates in response to blood calcium levels

What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release?

Humoral- stimulated by calcium levels in the blood rather than neural or hormonal stimulus

The major targets of growth hormone are ________. 1) liver, bones, and skeletal muscles 2) the blood vessels 3) the liver and gall bladder 4) the thyroid and adrenal glands

Liver, bones and skeletal muscles

What determines whether a particular cell is able to respond to a hormone? 1) the location of the cell 2) the structure of the hormone 3) the presence of a specific hormone receptor 4) the gland that releases the hormone

Presence of a specific hormone receptor

Which of the following would NOT stimulate the pancreas to release insulin? 1) acetylcholine release on the pancreatic cells 2) sympathetic activation 3) a rise in blood amino acid levels 4) a rise in blood glucose levels

Sympathetic activation

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________. 1) pancreas 2) adrenal medulla 3) thyroid gland 4) thymus gland

Thymus gland

The various hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulate the secretion of hormones from other endocrine organs are called __________ 1) tropins 2) amines 3) steroids 4) statin

Tropins *regulate secretory function of other endocrine glands

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones. .True or False

True

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone? 1) estrogen 2) aldosterone 3) cortisol 4) epinephrine

epinepherine

Where is thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) made? 1) thyroid gland 2) hypothalamus 3) anterior pituitary gland 4) posterior pituitary gland

hypothalamus

Which of the following can act on receptors inside the target cell that directly activate specific genes? 1) calcitonin 2) testosterone 3) melatonin 4) growth hormone

testosterone