A&P 2 Urinary System
ureter
A __________ is a tubular organ that transports urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder.
VEGF.
A biochemical important in glomerulus formation in the embryo is
urea
A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is
glomeruli have a higher hydrostatic pressure.
A greater amount of filtration occurs at glomeruli than at other capillary beds of the body because:
a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
A nephron consists of
uric acid.
A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is
remove a particular substance from the blood.
A renal clearance test determines the rate at which the kidneys can
glomerulus and glomerular capsule.
A renal corpuscle includes the
decreases and blood pressure drops.
As a consequence of widespread edema associated with nephrotic syndrome, blood volume
true
At rest, the kidneys receive about a quarter of the blood coming from the heart.
more glucose is in the filtrate than active transport can handle.
At the renal plasma threshold
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Athletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production?
uncontrolled leakage of urine
Define incontinence.
kidney stones.
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat
decreases
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ______ with aging.
an artificial kidney.
Hemodialysis involves
sympathetic
If a ureter is obstructed, a _____ reflex reduces urine production in the kidney on the affected side.
the osmotic pressure
If glucose is not reabsorbed in the tubular fluid ___________ increases.
true
If the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased, the glomerular filtration rate is increased.
none
In which of the following regions of the nephron is water actively transported? Proximal convoluted tubule Descending limb of the nephron loop Peritubular capillaries None of the above
high plasma protein concentration highly permeable capillary walls
Indicate the characteristics of the peritubular capillaries that enhance the rate of fluid reabsorption from the renal tubule.
true
Inulin clearance measures the rate of glomerular filtration.
20
Kidney cells die as early as age
Describe the composition of glomerular filtrate.
Like plasma, but lacking larger protein molecules.
infant kidneys are less able to conserve water.
Michael is 26 years old. He becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough. His infant son Sean, however, becomes dehydrated fairly frequently. This difference in susceptibility to dehydration is because
actively into the entire renal tubule.
Most hydrogen ions are secreted
bedwetting
Nocturnal enuresis is
true
Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter.
endocytosis
Proteins of smaller molecular size may be reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the process of _____.
hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Shigatoxin is associated with
the same substances as plasma except for larger protein molecules.
The composition of glomerular filtrate differs from that of plasma by including
creates a highly concentrated interstitial fluid so that urine can be concentrated by the collecting ducts when they are permeable to water.
The countercurrent mechanism in the nephron
water leave salts leave
The descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to ______ which will _________ the renal tubule. The ascending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to _____________ which will ________ the renal tubule
distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
The hormone ADH promotes water reabsorption through the wall(s) of the
outer term fibrous coat, middle muscular coat, inner mucous coat.
The layers of a ureter are
sacral segments of the spinal cord.
The micturition reflex center is in the
paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder and a urethra.
The organs of the urinary system are
proximal convoluted tubule.
The reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the
trigone
The triangular area on the internal floor of the urinary bladder is the ____.
amino acids nucleic acids creatine
Urea is a byproduct of the metabolism of ______ Uric acid is a byproduct of the metabolism of ________ Creatinine is a byproduct of the metabolism of _______
decrease
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole and/or vasodilation of the efferent arteriole will cause a(n) _____ in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
erythropoietin
What hormone is secreted by the kidneys?
Water moves out of the descending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb
Which choice describes the countercurrent mechanism of the nephron loop?
calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?
all
Which of the following is a normal constituent of urine? Urea Water Creatinine All of the above
Ductus deferens
Which of the following is not part of the male urethra?
