anatomy chapter 1 test

Which of the following statements is most correct of homeostatic imbalance? A) It is considered the cause of most diseases. B) The internal environment is becoming more stable. C) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. D) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.

a

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

match the following cavities: stomach heart uterus brain lungs

abdominpelvic thoracic abdominopelvic cranial thoracic

A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be

an organ

the stomach is ______ to the spine

anterior

A parasagittal plane is

any sagittal plane except the median

match the technical terms: arm buttock head knee (anterior aspect) chest

brachial gluteal cephalic patellar thoracic

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following

brain

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. A) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. C) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. D) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.

c

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. B) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two. C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart. D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.

c

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________. A) body erect B) arms at sides C) palms turned posteriorly D) thumbs pointed laterally

c

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. B) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. C) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. D) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.

c

match the following systems: 1. arteries, veins, heart 2. trachea, bronchi, alveoli 3. adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary 4. esophagus, large intestine, rectum 5. kidneys, bladder, ureters

cardiovascular respiratory endocrine digestive urinary

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis then the wall thermostat would be the

control center

The frontal plane is also called the ______ plane.

coronal

_________ is the specific name for the hip region.

coxal

match the following: head neck chest stomach

cranial vertebral thoracic abdominal

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) appendix B) stomach C) liver D) intestines

d

Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli A) endocrine B) lymphatic C) immune D) nervous

d

Which of the following would not be functional characteristics of life? A) movement B) responsiveness to external stimuli C) maintenance of boundaries D) decay

decay

the fingers are ______ to the wrist

distal

________ means toward or at the back of the body, behind.

dorsal

match the following systems: 1. controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones 2. delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues 3. produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances 4. removes and filters excess fluid from tissues

endocrine cardiovascular immune lymphatic

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be

enhancement of labor contractions

an increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased building of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of

excretion of metabolic waste

T/F: the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum

false- abdominal cavity

T/F: embryology concerns the structural change that occur in an individual form conception through old age

false- developmental

T/F: the elbow is proximal to the shoulder

false- distal

T/F: the right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach

false- left hypochondriac

T/F: in a negative feedback mechanism, ADH is the equivalent to the "thermostat" in your home heating system

false-control center

A vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior, is called

frontal

Subdivisions of anatomy include

gross regional systemic surface

the study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is __________ anatomy

gross/macroscopic

An oblique cut is one that

is cut diagonally between the vertical and horizontal

The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane

lining the thoracic cavity

the bridge of the nose is _______ to the left eye

medial

match the following systems: 1. directly causes mechanical motion 2. responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses 3. provides support and levers for muscles to work on 4. protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D.

muscular nervous bones integumentary

match the following of feedback mechanisms: blood glucose levels blood pressure blood clotting delivering a baby

negative negative positive positive

The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities

orbital

The heart lies in the ________ cavity

pericardial

The lungs are located in the following cavities

pleural ventral thoracic

The posterior side of the patella would be called

popliteal

the upper arm is ________ to the forearm

proximal

A horizontal section through the body is called

sagittal

the heart is _______ to the stomach

superior

________ cavities are spaces within joints.

synovial

histology would be best defined as the study of

tissues

The main, general purpose of negative feedback is

to maintain homeostasis

T/F: a major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction

true

T/F: a tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function

true

T/F: imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues

true

T/F: it is important for any organisms to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it

true

T/F: lungs carry out an excretory function

true

T/F: positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus

true

T/F: regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three interdependent components

true

T/F: the anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body

true

T/F: the epigastric region is located superior to the umbilical region

true

T/F: without some sort of negative feedback from mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance

true

match the following to the abdominal region: belly button area upper right side of stomach bladder/ lower pubic area middle top stomach right line forming under pubic section

umbilical right hypochondriac hypogastric epigastric right illiac

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60 to 80% of body weight, is

water

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organ

2 1 4 3 5

Normal body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade

37