anatomy final pt.3
what is the earliest event (of those listed) in endochondral ossification?
a bone collar forms around the cartilage model
while playing softball, Cathy is struck in the frontal squama by a wild pitch. which of the following complaints would you expect her to have?
a headache
the ulna exhibits which of the following
all of these
for intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?
an ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue
the process of bones increasing in width is known as _______
appositional growth
in the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows _________
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
elevated levels of calcium ion in blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
calcitonin
normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of _______
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
by interconnecting the lacunae and the blood supply, _____ allow osteocytes to transfer nutrients and wastes through an otherwise impermeable solid matrix
canaliculi
bones of the wrist
carpals
transverse foramina distinguished _________ vertebrae from all other types
cervical
most bones of the skeletal system are formed through
endochondral ossification
the lining of the marrow cavity in a long bone is the
endosteum
which types of fractures are inherently more likely in children than in adults?
epiphyseal and greenstick
the presence of an epiphyseal line indicates
epiphyseal growth had ended
non-weight bearing bone of the leg
fibula
which of the following exhibits a lateral malleolus?
fibula
the two hormones that have opposite effects on the rate of osteolysis (breakdown) are
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
which of the following bone diseases is caused defective mineralization of bone in children as a result of insufficient vitamin D?
rickets
from lateral to medial, the proximal carpal bones include the
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
major markings of the frontal bone include
supraorbital margins and anterior cranial fossa
which of the following includes ONLY tarsal bones?
talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiforms
the cuboid bone is a
tarsal
bony landmarks such as the zygomatic, styloid and mastoid processes and mandibular and middle cranial fossa are found on the
temporal bones
the three components of the sternum, listed from superior to inferior position are
the manubrium, sternal body, and xiphoid process
appositional growth is growth in the diameter of long bones
true
in anatomical positional, the lateral forearm bone is the radius
true
infants have more bones than adults
true
the term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones
true
there are seven cervical, twelve thoracic and five lumbar vertebrae
true
medial bone of the forearm
ulna
cranial bones develop _______
within fibrous membranes
a blow to the cheek is most likely to break what superficial bone or bone part?
zygomatic process
which forms the largest portion of the coxal bone?
ilium
costal grooves are located on
ribs
how many bones make up the wrist and hand in a normal person?
27
there are _____ cranial bones and ______ facial bones
8;14
the vertebra that articulates with the skull is the
atlas
shaking one's head from side to side (as in "no") is the primary action facilitated by the articulation of which bones?
atlas and axis
which of the following make up the leg in anatomical term?
b and c
the canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of _________
blood vessels and nerve fibers
osteoblasts are _______, whereas osteoclasts are _______
bone-forming cells; bone-destroying cells
which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
communication
the only direct connection between the pelvic girdle and the axial skeleton is where the
coxal bone articulate with the sacrum
fossa
depression
the shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
in flat bones of the skull, a region of _____ is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone
diploe
lengthwise bone growth involves the final steps of
endochondral ossication
which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?
epiphyseal plate
the superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?
ethmoid
thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have _____
facets for attachment of ribs
bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function
false
closure of the epiphysis plate stops all bone growth
false
in the anatomical position, the medial leg bone is the fibula
false
ribs numbered 11 and 12 are true ribs that have no anterior attachment
false
the largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla
false
yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ____
fat
markings such as the fovea capitis, linea aspera and intercondylar notch are found on the
femur
the paranasal sinuses are located in which bones?
frontal, sphenoid, maxilla, and ethmoid bones
growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?
growth hormone
articulates with the scapula, the radius and ulna
humerus
which of the following exhibits a proximal head and greater and lesser tubercles?
humerus
the most abundant skeletal cartilage type is _______
hyaline
what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
which bone had no direct attachment with any other bone?
hyoid
lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through _______
interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plate
making up approx. one-quarter of the entire vertebral column, _______ act as shock absorbers between adjacent vertebral bodies
intervertebral discs
the bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is the
ischium
which of the following statements regarding bone tissue is false?
it is one of the four main tissue types
what are the small spaces in bone tissue called that are holes in which osteocytes live called?
lacunae
the temporomandibular joint is the articulation between the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and ________ of the mandible
mandibular condyle
sites of hematopoiesis include all but
medullary cavities in bones of healthy adults
through the process of endochondral ossification, a fetal _______ model transforms into bone
mesenchyme
bones of the foot (sole)
metatarsals
bones of the hand (palm)
metatarsals
the foramen magnum is located on the
occipital bone
the atlas articulates with which structures?
occipital condyles
foramen
opening/passage
the maxillae exhibit which of the following?
palatine, frontal, and zygomatic processes
the periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________
perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
condyle
projection/process
spine
projection/process
trochanter
projection/process
tubercle
projection/process
tuberosity
projection/process
which of the following is not a function of periosteum?
provides a smooth surface for articulation between bones
articulations at its proximal end with the humerus and ulna
radius
articulates with the humerus and clavicle
scapula
the bony enclosure that houses the pituitary gland is the
sella turcica
bony landmarks of the sphenoid bone are ________
sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa and pteryoid processes
ironically, high levels of ________ at puberty not only accelerate lengthwise bone growth but also trigger its ultimate end.
sex hormones
which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone?
sphenoid
ligaments that support the hyoid bone are attached to the
styloid process of the temporal bone
what is the structural unit of compact bone?
the osteon
Wolff's law is concerned with _______
the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed on it
a major difference between compact and spongy bone is that
there are no osteons in spongy bone
the primary curves of the vertebral column are the ______ curves
thoracic and sacral
markings such as the intercondylar eminence, fibular notch and medial malleolus are found on the
tibia
osteons are to dense bone as _______ are to cancellous bone.
trabeculae
from lateral to medial, the distal carpal bones include the
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate