anatomy final pt.3

what is the earliest event (of those listed) in endochondral ossification?

a bone collar forms around the cartilage model

while playing softball, Cathy is struck in the frontal squama by a wild pitch. which of the following complaints would you expect her to have?

a headache

the ulna exhibits which of the following

all of these

for intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

an ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue

the process of bones increasing in width is known as _______

appositional growth

in the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows _________

by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

elevated levels of calcium ion in blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone

calcitonin

normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of _______

calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

by interconnecting the lacunae and the blood supply, _____ allow osteocytes to transfer nutrients and wastes through an otherwise impermeable solid matrix

canaliculi

bones of the wrist

carpals

transverse foramina distinguished _________ vertebrae from all other types

cervical

most bones of the skeletal system are formed through

endochondral ossification

the lining of the marrow cavity in a long bone is the

endosteum

which types of fractures are inherently more likely in children than in adults?

epiphyseal and greenstick

the presence of an epiphyseal line indicates

epiphyseal growth had ended

non-weight bearing bone of the leg

fibula

which of the following exhibits a lateral malleolus?

fibula

the two hormones that have opposite effects on the rate of osteolysis (breakdown) are

parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

which of the following bone diseases is caused defective mineralization of bone in children as a result of insufficient vitamin D?

rickets

from lateral to medial, the proximal carpal bones include the

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

major markings of the frontal bone include

supraorbital margins and anterior cranial fossa

which of the following includes ONLY tarsal bones?

talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiforms

the cuboid bone is a

tarsal

bony landmarks such as the zygomatic, styloid and mastoid processes and mandibular and middle cranial fossa are found on the

temporal bones

the three components of the sternum, listed from superior to inferior position are

the manubrium, sternal body, and xiphoid process

appositional growth is growth in the diameter of long bones

true

in anatomical positional, the lateral forearm bone is the radius

true

infants have more bones than adults

true

the term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones

true

there are seven cervical, twelve thoracic and five lumbar vertebrae

true

medial bone of the forearm

ulna

cranial bones develop _______

within fibrous membranes

a blow to the cheek is most likely to break what superficial bone or bone part?

zygomatic process

which forms the largest portion of the coxal bone?

ilium

costal grooves are located on

ribs

how many bones make up the wrist and hand in a normal person?

27

there are _____ cranial bones and ______ facial bones

8;14

the vertebra that articulates with the skull is the

atlas

shaking one's head from side to side (as in "no") is the primary action facilitated by the articulation of which bones?

atlas and axis

which of the following make up the leg in anatomical term?

b and c

the canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of _________

blood vessels and nerve fibers

osteoblasts are _______, whereas osteoclasts are _______

bone-forming cells; bone-destroying cells

which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

communication

the only direct connection between the pelvic girdle and the axial skeleton is where the

coxal bone articulate with the sacrum

fossa

depression

the shaft of a long bone is called the

diaphysis

in flat bones of the skull, a region of _____ is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

diploe

lengthwise bone growth involves the final steps of

endochondral ossication

which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?

epiphyseal plate

the superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?

ethmoid

thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have _____

facets for attachment of ribs

bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function

false

closure of the epiphysis plate stops all bone growth

false

in the anatomical position, the medial leg bone is the fibula

false

ribs numbered 11 and 12 are true ribs that have no anterior attachment

false

the largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla

false

yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ____

fat

markings such as the fovea capitis, linea aspera and intercondylar notch are found on the

femur

the paranasal sinuses are located in which bones?

frontal, sphenoid, maxilla, and ethmoid bones

growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

growth hormone

articulates with the scapula, the radius and ulna

humerus

which of the following exhibits a proximal head and greater and lesser tubercles?

humerus

the most abundant skeletal cartilage type is _______

hyaline

what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

hyaline cartilage

which bone had no direct attachment with any other bone?

hyoid

lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through _______

interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plate

making up approx. one-quarter of the entire vertebral column, _______ act as shock absorbers between adjacent vertebral bodies

intervertebral discs

the bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is the

ischium

which of the following statements regarding bone tissue is false?

it is one of the four main tissue types

what are the small spaces in bone tissue called that are holes in which osteocytes live called?

lacunae

the temporomandibular joint is the articulation between the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and ________ of the mandible

mandibular condyle

sites of hematopoiesis include all but

medullary cavities in bones of healthy adults

through the process of endochondral ossification, a fetal _______ model transforms into bone

mesenchyme

bones of the foot (sole)

metatarsals

bones of the hand (palm)

metatarsals

the foramen magnum is located on the

occipital bone

the atlas articulates with which structures?

occipital condyles

foramen

opening/passage

the maxillae exhibit which of the following?

palatine, frontal, and zygomatic processes

the periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________

perforating (Sharpey's) fibers

condyle

projection/process

spine

projection/process

trochanter

projection/process

tubercle

projection/process

tuberosity

projection/process

which of the following is not a function of periosteum?

provides a smooth surface for articulation between bones

articulations at its proximal end with the humerus and ulna

radius

articulates with the humerus and clavicle

scapula

the bony enclosure that houses the pituitary gland is the

sella turcica

bony landmarks of the sphenoid bone are ________

sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa and pteryoid processes

ironically, high levels of ________ at puberty not only accelerate lengthwise bone growth but also trigger its ultimate end.

sex hormones

which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone?

sphenoid

ligaments that support the hyoid bone are attached to the

styloid process of the temporal bone

what is the structural unit of compact bone?

the osteon

Wolff's law is concerned with _______

the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed on it

a major difference between compact and spongy bone is that

there are no osteons in spongy bone

the primary curves of the vertebral column are the ______ curves

thoracic and sacral

markings such as the intercondylar eminence, fibular notch and medial malleolus are found on the

tibia

osteons are to dense bone as _______ are to cancellous bone.

trabeculae

from lateral to medial, the distal carpal bones include the

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate