ANSC 4043 Quizzes
which amino acid is needed for synthesis of thyroid hormones?
tyrosine
in the negative feedback control of thyroid hormone production, a. which hormone is secreted from the hypothalamus? b. which hormone is secreted from the adenohypophysis?
a. TRH b. TSH
horses consuming high phosphorus diets may develop:
nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
in this type of growth, the mammary gland is growing at a a faster rate than the rest of the body
allometric
Vitamin D is synthesized in one part of the body and activated in 2 other organs. where is this hormone synthesized?
skin
which hypothalamic inhibiting hormone causes GH not be secreted?
somatostatin
what is the parent structure for all steroid hormones?
cholesterol
which is an action in which the hormone is distributed in the blood and binds to a distant target cell? a. paracrine action b. endocrine action c. shake and bake action d. autocrine action
b. endocrine action
which thyroid hormone is most biologically active?
3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine
which thyroid hormone is produced in the greatest amounts in the thyroid gland?
3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine
normal blood calcium concentrations should be:
9 to 11 mg/dl
growth hormone regulates growth indirectly through another hormone, produced in the liver. what is this hormone?
IGF-1
amino acid derivatives are one of the four major classes of hormones. which of the following is a hormone that is an amino acid derivative? a. thyroid hormone b. growth hormone c. estrogen d. prostaglandin F2alpha
a. thyroid hormone
hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults is called
acromegaly
the renin-angiotensin system is the main regulatory system for which corticosteroid?
aldosterone
what is the hormone secreted by heart when blood pressure increases
atrial natiuretic factor
all domestic animals, except 1, have paired adrenal glands. which animal has clusters of intermixed cortical and medullary tissue in close proximity to kidneys?
birds
the hypertextbook that she used is sponsored by which university
colorado state
over 50 steroids are synthesized and released in which part of the adrenal gland?
cortex
which of the following is not a zone of the adrenal cortex? a. zona glomerulosa b. zona fasciculata c. zona reticularis d. the ozone layer
d
growth factor that promotes gastrointestinal mucosal growth and may improve plant growth through saliva of the grazing animals
epidermal growth factor
which growth factor is produced in the kidney, and absence of it can result in anemia
erythropoietin
in discussing how a hormone elicits a response, I repeatedly used a "phrase" in class that indicates the first step in the process. I also said I wish I had a dollar for every time I said this. What phrase am I referring to?
hormone binds to receptor
Chemical messengers secreted into blood or extracellular fluid by one cell that affect the functioning of other cells
hormones
which thyroid disorder did Dr. williams' former grad student get tested for but did not have?
hyperthyroidism
which thyroid disorder is characterized by weight loss, polyphagia, nervousness, and a whole bunch of other things?
hyperthyroidism
which pancreatic hormone can be considered a growth hormone because of its role in glucose uptake and amino acid uptake
insulin
the thyroid gland is unique in that it accumulates large quantities of a certain mineral and combines it into hormones. which mineral is it? (hint: it is added to salt)
iodine
from the 2 questions above, you know that PTH and calcitonin have actions in bone. what other 2 tissues in the body do these hormones affect for calcium regulation?
kidney and intestine
a number of reports have documented a syndrome of water and sodium retention coupled with low plasma concentrations of potassium in individuals that ingested an excessive amount of a certain type of candy. what candy is it?
licorice
the effects of growth hormone on lactation are indirect effects. why?
mammary glands do not have receptors for growth hormone so cannot bind
what is the best source of calcium for humans to meet their daily requirements?
milk
dairy cattle often experience hypocalcemia after calving. what is the name of this metabolic disorder?
milk fever (parturient paresis)
binding of a hormone to a plasma membrane receptor initiates a series of events which leads to the generation of ____ ____ within the cell. These then trigger a series of molecular interactions that alter the physiological state of the cell
second messengers
colloid fills the center of the functional unit. which large molecular weight protein is synthesized in the epithelial cells and secreted into the colloid? (this glycoprotein is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones)
thyroglobulin
which hormone is responsible for the effects of GH in mammary growth and in lactation?
IGF-1
what is the spherical structure that is the basic functional unit of the thyroid gland?
follicle
of the 3 classes of corticosteroids synthesized in adrenal cortex, which class is primarily involved in glucose homeostasis?
glucocorticoids
if blood calcium drops to lower than normal, which hormone will be secreted to cause bone mineral to be "chewed up" to release calcium?
PTH
insulin is an example of which chemical class of hormone
protein/peptide
in dr. williams PhD research, which hormone did she measure in her dogs?
IGF-1
what is the primary metabolic effect of glucocorticoids during stressful situations?
gluconeogenesis
which hypothalamic releasing hormone causes GH to be secreted?
growth hormone releasing hormone
Diacyl glycerol (DG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3) are messenger components of which second messenger system?
phospholipid derivatives
which hormone is produced only during pregnancy (disappears from circulation immediately after delivery) and whose major role is to stimulate the development of the mammary gland during pregnancy without causing milk secretion during pregnancy?
placental lactogen
what is the name of the blood supply that brings the releasing hormones from the neurons in the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?
portal veins
during lactogenesis, this hormone stimulates maturation of the golgi apparatus and also stimulates secretion of alpha-lactalbumin. it is stimulated by progesterone
prolactin
which hormone, which shares a common ancestral gene with GH, is essential for ductile branching to form fully developed mammary glands and also stimulates milk production after parturition?
prolactin
what nutrients in the dog food was she testing to determine differences in IGF-1
protein
molecular components of cells that provide specificity for hormone-cell interaction
receptors
which peptide of the adenohypophysis stimulates the release of corticosteroids form the adrenal gland?
ACTH
Adenylate cyclase is an enzyme that converts:
ATP to cAMP
if blood calcium gets very high, like after binging o cheese and yogurt, which hormone is released to cause bone resorption to stop (thus preventing release of calcium from the bone)?
Calcitonin
regulatory proteins that are components of transduction of signals are called:
G proteins
list the 6 hormones produced in the anterior pituitary and the releasing hormone or inhibiting hormone (or both) from the hypothalamus for each
GH-GHRH (releasing), somatostatin (inhibiting) TSH-TRH (releasing) ACTH-CRH (releasing) FSH-GnRH (releasing) LH-GnRH (releasing) Prolactin-dopamine or PIF (inhibiting)
which growth factor may inhibit post-pubertal mammary growth between estrous cycles?
TGF-beta
which enzyme is needed for just about all steps of thyroid hormone synthesis?
TPO (thyroid peroxidase)
bone cells which function to destroy bone mineral (bone resorption) are called (besides DW calling them scrubbing bubbles):
osteoblasts
in addition to PTH and calcitonin, what other hormone works to help regulate calcium in the body? (hint: it was not orginally thought to be a hormone but rather a type of nutrient)
Vitamin D
which class of hormones does NOT have cell surface receptors? a. catecholamines b. protein hormones c. steroid hormones d. eicosanoids
a or c
what is the study of hormones, their receptors and the intracellular signaling pathways they invoke?
endocrinology
which cells in the parathyroid gland secrete PTH?
chief cells
growth hormone _________ a. is also called somatostatin b. is regulated by only a releasing hormone c. secretion results in a decrease in muscle mass d. promotes long bone growth during the formative years
d
which of the following are membrane messengers derived from phospholipids? a. arachidonic acid b. diacyl glycerol c. inositol triphosphate d. all of the above
d. all of the above
the 2 hormones that are elevated together as pregnancy advances and cause full lobular alveolar growth
estrogen and progesterone
prostaglandin F2alpha is an example of which chemical class of hormone
eicosanoid
which two systems control all physiologic processes?
endocrine and nervous
when the production of one hormone causes the production of another hormone to decrease, this is called _______ feedback
negative