ANTH 1102 Questions

How long ago is it thought that our vocal tract developed?

500,000 years ago

What is the difference between an ideology and a worldview? Provide an example of each.

A worldview is a broad ideology that shapes how the members of culture generally view the world and their place in it e.g., Buddhism. While an ideology identifies the entities, roles, behaviors, relationships, and processes in a particular realm, as well as the rationale behind the whole system e.g., democracy.

African American Vernacular English

All of the above

Globalization can impact which of the following?

All of the above

Which of the following outside forces increasingly challenge indigenous ethnoecologies?

All of the above

Regarding linguistic evolution...

Biological components include brain structure and the vocal apparatus

List the three roles an applied anthropologist can fill (not the examples, but generally how someone can use anthropology in an applied way)

By identifying the need for change that local people perceive, collaborating with those people to design culturally appropriate and socially sensitive change, and working to protect local people from harmful policies and projects that may threaten them.

Which anthropologist proposed that culture was a complex system of symbols and that through studying the structure and binary opposites of these symbols, one could determine the patterns and thoughts of members of that culture?

Claude Lévi-Strauss

Which statement is NOT true of kinship systems?

Cross-culturally, biology defines who one's closest relatives are.

How did Émile Durkheim define religion?

Durkheim defined religion empirically by focusing on key elements.

Which of the following is FALSE according to anthropological linguistics?

Each language has a pure form, but different speech communities alter it into less rich or incorrect variants

Acculturation is always voluntary

False

Sea levels have risen 18 inches since 1880

False

We know for a fact that only Homo sapiens are capable of speech, and none of our hominin ancestors were able to talk.

False

How did Clifford Geertz define religion?

Geertz defined religion as a system of symbols that established powerful and pervasive emotions that united people who shared the same worldview.

How has globalization impacted the emergence of diseases?

Globalization connects people from all around the world. One method that is used to do this transportation. Transportation allows for the spread of disease pathogens to different parts of the world.

Which term refers to the intersection of race, class, ethnicity, age, gender, and physical ability?

Intersectionality

Which of the following is NOT true about globalization?

It is leading to cultural homogeneity

Which statement is NOT supported by recent findings of feminist researchers?

Meat obtained by male hunters was the primary source of calories for members of preagricultural cultures.

Which of the following is NOT true according to anthropological linguistics?

Some human languages are richer and more expressive than others

Identify the four main mechanisms of cultural change and give an example of each.

The four main mechanisms of cultural change are diffusion, friction, innovation, and invention. An example of diffusion is the spread of the English language. The English language originated in Great Britain and is now used worldwide. An example of innovation is a new style of dance. An example of an invention would be a new technology such as a new smartphone. An example of friction would be the conflict between the norm of communicating face-to-face versus through technology.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the role of myth in religion?

The power of myth depends on its ability to portray accurate and true accounts of history.

Applied anthropology is the use of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary problems

True

The levels of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere can naturally fluctuate, but the cause of the recent increase in greenhouse gasses is anthropogenic.

True

Which of the following does NOT define or describe symbolism in a culture?

a repeated action or practice with routine activities and associated meaning

Which kinship structure merges an individual's parents' same-sex siblings while cutting off the individual's opposite-sex siblings?

bifurcate merging kinship

Changing one's speech patterns according to different social situations is known as:

code-switching

Which term is defined as the way humans develop culture as an adaptation to various envirnonments?

cultural ecology

Which term describes a common belief, practice, or behavior associated with a sociocultural role?

cultural norm

Which description BEST defines gender?

cultural roles associated with the biological categories of male and female

Shared values, ideas, technologies, adaptation to the environment, and belief systems are best defined as what?

culture

Different versions of a language spoken in different regions, or by people belonging to different groups (e.g. social classes, occupations, etc.) are called:

dialects

Consider the following sentence: "In 5 billion years the hydrogen in the sun's core will run out. The sun will become a red giant and its radius will expand so much that it will envelop the earth." Making sense of this sentence would be impossible without which characteristic of language?

displacement

The FOXP2 gene has been found in which organisms?

homo sapiens, primates, homo neanderthalensis, mice, bats, fish, and songbirds

The study of movements, facial expressions, gestures, body language in communication is known as

kinesics

Language is symbolic and conventional. This means that:

language is not bound to immediate experience

Which term reflects the concept that all languages have some things (such as sentence structure) in common?

language universals

Which kinship structure highlights the nuclear family?

lineal kinship

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

maintains that the content and structure of language have a significant effect of how its speakers perceive the world

Bronisław Malinowski proposed that the function of culture is to _________________.

meet basic needs to survive

Which of the following is NOT considered an example of material culture?

seashells found on a beach

What did Margaret Mead observe in her research in New Guinea?

that gender roles and expectations varied greatly from one culture to the next

What did studies in the 1980s reveal about nonhuman primate social organization?

that nonhuman primate females are at the center of their social groups

What did anthropologist Michelle Rosaldo argue was one of the primary causes of the marginalization of women?

the division of sociocultural life into public and private spheres between the workplace and the home

Sexual dimorphism is defined as which of the following?

the exhibition of different characteristics by males and females of the same species

Which of the following does not describe a sociocultural construction?

the genetic relatedness of family members

What is meant by the term gender essentialism?

the idea that gender-based traits are deep and consequential

Which of the following BEST defines hierophany?

the manifestation of the sacred or divine

A morpheme is

the smallest unit of language that carries or contains meaning on its own

A phoneme is

the smallest unit of sound that makes a difference in a particular language

Paralanguage refers to

the various non-linguistic sounds, variations in tone, pitch, volume, etc. that accompany linguistic communication and are important for conveying meaning

Which description BEST defines heteronormativity?

the view that heterosexuality is the most "natural" form of sexuality

In the absence of a written record, how might the evolution of language be traced?

through artifacts, fossils, and cultural remains

Which of the following is an example of a blended family?

two widowed individuals with children who marry