Anthro Final Study Guide
The earliest known specimens of Homo erectus are dated to ________ million years ago.
1.9
One chemical difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA has the base ___ instead of the base T.
U
The fossil known as "Lucy" belongs to the species
Australopithecus afarensis
The abbreviation "B.P." means
Before Present.
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of anthropology? A. It is concerned with both biology and culture.B. It is holistic.C. It is concerned with human variation, evolution, and adaptation.D. It focuses only on prehistoric societies.
D. It focuses only on prehistoric societies.
Homo habilis has been found in association with __________ tools.
Oldowan
How do bonobos reduce tension (in a manner different from other primates)?
Sex play.
Grasping hands and depth perception are important in coping with _____________ environment.
an arboreal
Humans belong in the ___________ kingdom.
animal
Oldowan tools
are produced by removing a few flakes off of a stone core.
In general, primatologists suggest that the __________ provide the best models for behavior among early hominins.
chimpanzee and/or bonobo
Compared with ourselves, Neandertals
did not have a chin.
The peppered moth in England changed in color from almost all being light-colored to almost all being dark-colored. This change was related to a changing environment, specifically
industrial pollution.
Chimpanzees are
knuckle walkers.
New alleles can be brought into a population by
mutation and gene flow.
The brain size of Homo erectus is
roughly 70 percent the size of modern humans.
Archaeological evidence suggests that Homo habilis relied on ___________ to obtain meat.
scavenging
Compared to an ape pelvis, a human pelvis is
shorter top to bottom, and wider side to side.
According to the idea of gradualism, macroevolution usually involves
slow and gradual change.
Mutations are
sometimes harmful, sometimes useful, and sometimes neutral.
The genus name Australopithecus translates as
southern ape
The definition of a "breeding population" can be influenced by
the age distribution of the population. cultural differences. geographic distribution. (All)
Biological anthropologists study
the genetics of living human populations. the fossil record for human evolution. the behavior of monkeys and apes. (All of the above.)
The fossil known as "Piltdown Man"
was a hoax.
Fossil remains of the genus Ardipithecus date back ______ million years ago
4.4-5.8
Human beings have ____ pairs of chromosomes.
23
The DNA molecule is made up of ____ chemical bases.
4
The first anthropoids may have appeared as early as _______ million years ago.
40
Molecular dating suggest that humans diverged from the African ape line roughly __________ million years ago.
5 to 6
One difference between anthropology and many other social sciences, such as sociology, is that anthropology is concerned with human _____________ as well as human behavior.
biology
Experiments have shown that, at normal walking speeds,
bipeds are more energy efficient than quadrupeds.
A mass extinction is
the simultaneous extinction of many species.
________________ is when a species gives rise to a new and separate species.
Cladogenesis
The Dmanisi site is in
Georgia (the country, not the state).
Some anthropologists consider the early African forms of Homo erectus to be a separate species known as
Homo ergaster.
Apart from the Neandertals, other fossils referred to as "archaic humans" are sometimes classified as "archaic Homo sapiens" and sometimes as
Homo heidelbergensis.
Many anthropologists consider the variation in Homo habilis specimens as evidence of another species named
Homo rudolfensis.
How is Proconsul similar to living apes?
It did not have a tail.
________________ pioneered the study of chimpanzee behavior in the wild.
Jane Goodall
What is the primary diet of gorillas?
Leaves and fruit.
_____________ is responsible for transporting genetic information to the site of protein synthesis.
Messenger RNA
____________ is the production of body cells, whereas _________ is the production of sex cells.
Mitosis; meiosis
The ______________ tradition is associated with Neandertals.
Mousterian
___________________ is an example of the earliest fossil hominoid.
Proconsul
DNA regulates the process of protein synthesis with the help of
RNA
Each parent contributes one allele at each locus to his or her offspring. This is known as Mendel's Law of
Segregation
How is an ape big toe different from a human big toe?
The ape's big toe is divergent.
Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of bipedalism?
The big toe sticks out from the other toes.
Which part of the body reaches adult size the earliest?
The head and brain.
A dental formula tells you
The number of each type of tooth
________________ of Ardipithecus suggests that it was bipedal.
The position of the foramen magnum
Before the discovery of the early hominins (starting with Dart's discovery of A. africanus in 1924), the most widely accepted explanation of human origins was that _______ evolved first.
a large brain
Polyandry is a marriage system where
a woman has several husbands.
Grooming is an example of __________ behavior.
an affiliative
The ranking system within a primate society is known as the
dominance hierarchy.
An allele is _________ if it masks the effect of another allele.
dominant
A specific type of genetic drift, known as ___________, results from the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals.
founder effect
African apes are genetically (and evolutionarily) the most similar to
humans
Homo erectus has been found
in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
Oligocene anthropoids are found
in both the Old World and the New World
Recent studies of the FOXP2 gene suggest that closer comparison of this gene in humans and apes might provide us with valuable insight about the origin of
language
Modern ____________ are able to maintain a constant body temperature.
mammals
Catastrophism attempted to explain the fossil record in terms of
natural catastrophes in an area, followed by organisms moving into the area from elsewhere.
The principle of stratigraphy shows
which fossil is found at a deeper level—that one is older.
Selection against a recessive homozygote will
will gradually decrease the frequency of the recessive allele.
