AP BIO CH. 6

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATP and NADH for each glucose molecule?

2 ATP and 2 NADH

In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs?

A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment.

Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle?

Acetyl CoA binds to oxaloacetate that is restored at the end of the cycle.

In the first stage of cellular respiration, two molecules of pyruvate are produced. In the remaining stages, a number of products are produced, including _____. These stages occur in the _____.

CO2 ... mitochondria

Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain?

Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.

Which of the following serves primarily as a hydrogen-atom carrier molecule in cells?

FAD

In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and in a few minutes radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in _____.

carbon dioxide

Cellular respiration completely breaks down a glucose molecule through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. The majority of the energy the cell derives from glucose is ____.

found in NADH and FADH2

Of the metabolic pathways listed below, the only pathway found in almost all organisms is _____.

glycolysis

What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate?

glycolysis

A molecule is oxidized when it _____.

loses an electron

Primarily, cellular respiration serves to _____.

make ATP to power the cell's activities

In eukaryotes, most of the high-energy electrons released from glucose by cell respiration _____.

reduce NAD+ to NADH, which then delivers them to the electron transport chain

Most of the NADH that delivers high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain comes from _____.

the citric acid cycle

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?

the mitochondrion

What is the fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration?

They are used to form water.

The function of cellular respiration is to _____.

extract usable energy from glucose

The major (but not sole) energy accomplishment of the citric acid cycle is the _____.

formation of NADH and FADH2

Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?

in the cytoplasmic fluid