ap gov unit test

Those who believe that the Supreme Court in its rulings should defer to the elective institutions of government are advocating

"judicial restraint"

Which of the following would be considered an instance in which time, place, and manner restrictions would be applied to the First Amendment?

A city enforces its laws restricting noise to limit the scale of an outdoor concert event intended to raise public awareness of climate change.

Which of the following scenarios would be considered a violation of the rights of someone accused of a crime, according to the Supreme Court?

A person who is unable to afford an attorney is tried and convicted of a crime without legal representation.

Which of the following rulings is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision?

A ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

Which of the following best illustrates the protection of an individual's Fifth Amendment rights?

After arrest, a suspect is informed of the right to remain silent during interrogation.

Which of the following could be used as evidence to support the author's claim?

At the time the Constitution was written, laws in the states required able-bodied individuals to serve in militias.

Which of the following statements best explains the diagram?

Cases arising at both the state and federal level may be appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of divided government?

Delays in confirmation of federal court nominees

Which of the following Presidents had three appointments to the United States Supreme Court?

Donald Trump

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause?

Establishment Clause Free Exercise Clause Prohibits the federal government from promoting religion or creating a national religionProtects an individual's religious beliefs and reasonable religious practices

Which of the following Supreme Court cases established that those accused of felonies who cannot afford legal counsel are entitled to legal counsel provided by the state?

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Which of the following best explains the principle of stare decisis?

It encourages judges to follow precedent when deciding cases.

In The Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton argued that the federal judiciary "is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power." Which of the following statements represents a reason he gave for this argument?

It must depend on the executive for enforcement of its decisions.

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?

It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

Which of the following United States Supreme Court cases established the principle of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

In which of the following decisions did the Supreme Court use an argument most similar to the one in The Federalist No. 78 ?

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the article?

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Which of the following statements best describes the information in the map?

Most states in the South and West allow capital punishment.

The facts of which of the following cases are most related to the political cartoon?

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

Which of the following headlines is most relevant to the political cartoon?

Nixon Administration Goes to Court to Stop Pentagon Papers Release

A United States Supreme Court justice has announced his retirement at the end of the current Supreme Court term. What is the most likely presidential action in response to this announcement?

Nominate a federal judge who shares the president's ideology

Which of the following best illustrates the point being made in the cartoon above?

Presidents can have an influence on public policy far beyond their terms of office.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment?

Protected by the First Amendment Not Protected by the First Amendment The right to burn a flag Obscenity

A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Which of the following is a principle underlying the Bill of Rights?

Some rights are fundamental and should not be subject to majoritarian control.

After hours of interrogation by police a suspect confesses to multiple felony offenses. His attorney objected to the admission of the confession because he was not advised of his right to have an attorney present nor his protection from self-incrimination. Which amendments are most relevant to this scenario?

The Fifth and Sixth Amendments

When a lower court decision is appealed to the Supreme Court, which of the following is most likely to occur?

The Supreme Court will not hear the appeal.

The framers of the Constitution designed which of the following to be LEAST responsive to public opinion?

The courts

A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?

The establishment clause

A woman is arrested for possessing illegal substances that were obtained after a warrantless search of her home by local police. Which of the following best explains whether the evidence could be used in a criminal trial?

The exclusionary rule, derived from the Fourth Amendment, prevents the evidence from being used against the suspect.

Which of the following factors most likely led to shifts in Supreme Court decision making over time?

The ideological composition of the justices on the Supreme Court shifted to become less liberal over time.

Which of the following best explains how poll respondents regard the relationship between the right to own guns and personal freedom?

The poll shows there is an ongoing debate over whether gun control laws promote or interfere with individual rights.

Which of the following provisions of the Bill of Rights could support the actions that César Chávez is encouraging the farmworkers to take?

The right to assemble

All of the following serve as checks on the power of the federal courts EXCEPT:

The voters can oust federal judges in national elections.

Which of the following is true of nominees for federal judgeships?

They are appointed for life by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.

At a public high school, several students raised a banner and wore clothing in support of a candidate running in the upcoming presidential election during lunch period. The principal asked the students to put away the banner, citing safety concerns. Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this scenario?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

Which of the following best reflects a function of the Supreme Court in Article III of the Constitution?

To serve as the highest court of appeals

Which of the following constitutional amendments is most related to the issue shown on the map?

Which of the following constitutional amendments is most related to the issue shown on the map?

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ?

Which of the following scenarios, related to the First Amendment, best illustrates the "right . . . to petition the Government . . ." ?

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to

make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states

The author's main argument is that the Second Amendment

was added to the Constitution to ensure that militias would have arms

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment?

A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Which of the following describes the origin of the United States court system presented in the diagram?

Article III of the Constitution established a Supreme Court, while other federal courts were established by Congress.

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply?

Federal government only

A classified Department of Defense study on the effectiveness of the United States involvement in the Afghanistan War is obtained by a newspaper. The president seeks to block the publication of the document. The court rules in favor of the newspaper, citing as precedent the Supreme Court's decision in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971). Based on the ruling in the Supreme Court's decision, which of the following lines of reasoning does the court most likely use?

Freedom of the press requires that the government show a significant danger to national security in order to stop publication.

On July 9, 2018, after the retirement of Justice Anthony Kennedy, President Trump, a Republican, nominated Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court. Many Democrats in the Senate feared that the appointment of Kavanaugh would swing the Court in a more ideologically conservative direction and attempted to block his nomination. After a heated Senate confirmation hearing, Kavanaugh was eventually confirmed by a 50-48 vote in the Senate. The scenario best highlights which of the following statements about court appointees?

Life tenure for appointed justices alongside the power of judicial review increases the stakes in the confirmation process for nominees to the Supreme Court.

Congress passes a law requiring that all public accommodations provide access for people with disabilities. The United States Supreme Court rules that the law does not apply to the airline industry. Which of the following is the best way for Congress to provide people with disabilities access to the airline industry in light of the Court's ruling?

Pass a new law that specifies that the airlines must provide access for people with disabilities

In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the United States Supreme Court ruled that a Georgia law violated the U.S. Constitution. In response to Chief Justice John Marshall's majority opinion, President Andrew Jackson said, "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it." Which of the following ideas regarding government does President Jackson's statement exhibit?

Since the Supreme Court has no enforcement mechanism, the executive and legislative branches can restrict its decisions.

Which of the following amendments to the Constitution most likely provides the basis for a driver to challenge the constitutionality of police use of sobriety checkpoints in enforcing drunk driving laws?

The Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a case being decided based on precedent?

The Supreme Court bases its decision in a case involving the commerce clause on one of its earlier decisions involving the commerce clause.

Which of the following is true of amicus curiae briefs?

They are used by interest groups to lobby courts.

Which of the following is true of most federal judges appointed by the president?

They serve for life on good behavior unless impeached and convicted by Congress.

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?

When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The data illustrate that most conservatives believe that the United States Constitution

outlines a framework for government that the Supreme Court should apply strictly regardless of the political or personal preferences of judges

In Miranda v. Arizona, the United States Supreme Court declared that

police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning suspects after arrest

The Supreme Court issued a ruling that was unpopular with a majority of Americans. The president and Congress might be able to lessen the impact of the decision by

refusing to actively enforce the decision

The difference between an appellate court and a district court is that an appellate court

reviews previous court decisions

The Supreme Court's power of judicial review permits the Court to overrule all of the following EXCEPT

the Bill of Rights