Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care Chapters 8-14
Nonbinary
A person whose gender identity does not fit into the category of man or woman; the person's gender may be in between those two categories or may be entirely different from them
Cisgender, cis
A person whose gender identity matches the person's birth sex (sex assigned at birth due to anatomy)
Gay
A person whose physical, emotional, and/or romantic attraction is for people of the same sex
Bisexual, bi
A person whose physical, emotional, and/or romantic attraction may be for people of the same gender or different gender
Queer
A term used to describe sexual orientation that is not exclusively heterosexual; may not be accepted by everyone within the LGBTQ community
Lesbian
A woman whose physical, emotional, and/or romantic attraction is for other women
Hinduism
Believing in karma is a part of this religion
Judaism
Believing that god gave laws through Moses in the form of the Torah is part of this religion
The brainstem controls
Breathing and swallowing
Oxytocin
Causes the uterus to contract during and after childbirth
Muscle coordination and nerves are affected by this disorder
Cerebral Palsy
The ______ is the part of the brain that controls thinking, speech, and voluntary muscles.
Cerebral cortex
What cushions the brain and spinal cord against injury?
Cerebrospinal fluid
One type of cancer that regular physical activity lessens the risk of
Colon
Homeostasis
Condition in which all body systems are working at their best
The nervous system
Controls and coordinates body functions
Antidiretic hormone
Controls the balance of fluids in the body
The resting phase of the heart, when the chambers fill with blood, is called
Diastole
Process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells
Digestion
Developmental disability that causes a small skull, flattened nose, and shorter fingers
Down Syndrome
Organs
Each has a specific function in the body
A fetus develops inside the
Endometrium
The _____ contains blood vessels to provide for the growth of an embryo
Endometrium
Intense tantrums, a short attention span, differences in expressing emotions, and an inability to make this type of contact may result from autism spectrum disorder
Eye Contact
A child takes three years from birth to be able to move around, communicate, basic needs, and feed himself
False
As people age, they often become helpless and confused
False
Caregivers should encourage infants to stand as soon as they can hold their heads up
False
Children learn to speak between ages 3 and 5
False
Infant physical development moves from the hands to the head
False
Preschool children are too young to know right from wrong
False
Semisolid material made up of water, solid waste material, bacteria, and mucus that passes through the rectum and out of the body
Feces
But all human beings have the same basic physical needs
Food and Water
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four
The male and female sex glands are the
Gonads
Before activities begin, something that nursing assistants can help residents with
Grooming
What functions as the pump of the circulatory system?
Heart
What gives the blood its red color?
Iron
Thyroid gland
Located in the neck in front of the larynx and produces thyroid hormone
Tissues
Made up of a group of cells that performs a similar task
Pituitary gland
Master gland of the body
Insulin
Moves glucose from the blood into the cells for energy for the body
The peripheral nervous system deals with the outer part of the body via the
Nerves
The basic unit of the nervous system is the
Neuron
Federal law requiring that facilities provider an activities program that meets the interests of residents
OBRA
The gonads in human females are called
Ovaries
Involuntary contractions that move food into the stomach from the esophagus
Peristalsis
Islam
Praying five times a day facing Mecca and worshipping at mosques are part of this religion's practice
Adrenal Glands
Produce hormones that regulate salt and water absorption in kidneys and produce the hormone adrenaline
Gonads
Produces the hormones that regulate the ability to reproduce
Parathyroid glands
Secretes a hormone to regulate calcium use
Pancreas
Secretes insulin
The skin is also a ______ organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure.
Sense
The largest organ and system in the body is the
Skin
Split Spine
Spina Bifida
The ability to cope with this is one benefit of regular activity
Stress
The contracting phase of the heart, when the ventricles pump blood through the blood vessels, is called
Systole
A nursing assistant should allow a resident to do a ________ independently even if it is easier for the NA to do it.
Task/ADL
Cells
The body's building blocks
Metabolism
The body's physical and chemical processes
The nerve pathways in the spinal cord conduct messages between
The brain and body
The central nervous system is made up of
The brain and spinal cord
The left hemisphere of the brain controls
The right side of the body
From ages 5 to 10, children learn to get along with each other
True
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries
True
Preadolescents are often easy to get along with and are able to handle more responsibility than they were before
True
Putting an infant to sleep on its back can reduce the risk of sudden instant death syndrome (SIDS)
True
School-age children 5 to 10 years develop cognitively and socially
True
The pleura is a membrane that covers the lungs
True
The tube through which males pass both urine and semen is called the
Urethra
What is plasma mostly made up of?
Water
Coming Out
a continual process of revealing one's sexual orientation or gender identity to others
Gender Identity
a deeply felt sense of one's gender
Transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells
absorption
Something increased by regular activity, in addition to promoting better eating habits
appetite
The functions of the respiratory system are to
bring oxygen into the body and to eliminate carbon dioxide produced as the body uses oxygen
The two main parts of the nervous system are
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Semiliquid substance created by the breaking down of food in the stomach
chyme
blood vessels __ or narrow, when the outside temperature is too cold
constrict
The functions of the nervous system are to
control and coordinate all body functions and to sense, interpret, and respond to changes occurring both inside and outside the human body
A loss of independence can cause increased ___
dependence
Blended families
divorced or widowed parents who have remarried and have children from previous relationships and/or the current marriage
Process of expelling wastes (made up of the waste products of food and fluids) that are not absorbed into the cells
elimination
Blood vessels ____ or widen, when the outside temperature is too high.
expand
A loss of ___ is very difficult for a person to deal with
independence
Skin prevents _____ to internal organs
injury
Most common developmental disorder
intellectual disability
Psychosocial needs
involve social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality; Acceptance by others
When a contracture develops
muscle shortens, becomes inflexible, and "freezes" in position
Single-parent families
one parent and one or more children
Extended families
parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, other relatives, and even friends
NAs should encourage ___, regardless of how long it takes or how poorly residents are able to do it
self care
Muscular pouch located in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity
stomach
the functions of the circulatory system are to
supply food, oxygen, and hormones to cells and to supply the body with infection-fighting blood cells. The circulatory system removes waste products from cells and also helps control body temperature
Systole
the contracting stage; when the ventricles pump blood through the blood vessels
Diastole
the resting phase; when the chambers fill with blood
The functions of the musculoskeletal system are
to give the body shape and structure, to allow the body to move, to protect the body organsns, to maintain posture, and to provide heat
The functions of the integumentary system are
to protect internal organs from injury, protect the body against bacteria, and prevent the loss of too much water. It also responds to heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure, and it regulates body temperature.
Nuclear Families
two parents and one or more children
Type of infection that inactivity can result in
urinary tract
Skin also prevents the loss of too much______ which is essential to life
water