AP Psychology Disorders and Treatments

Kammy vividly imagines being abused by her own mother while her therapist triggers eye movements by waving a finger in front of Kammy's eyes. The therapist is apparently using a technique known as: A) EMDR B) transference C) meta-analysis D) virtual reality exposure therapy E) systematic desensitization

A) EMDR

Meta-analysis refers to A) a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies B) the use of a variety of therapeutic techniques in the treatment of a single client C) counseling and treatment of troubled indivisuals by friends, family, and other nonprofessionals D) a procedure for identifying the common factors that underlie many different disorders E) the technique of simply rephrasing much of what a client says during the course of therapy

A) a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies

The diasthesis-stress hypothesis of schizophrenia states that A) biological factors put someone at risk of schizophrenia, but environmental stressors are required to convert the potential B) when psychic energy builds up, defense mechanisms take over C) eating disorders will lead to major depression unless they are treated with cognitive-behavioral techniques D) panic attacks can be prevented by limiting anticipatory anxiety E) in chaotic environments, body chemistry will change to cause mood disorders

A) biological factors put someone at risk of schizophrenia, but environmental stressors are required to convert the potential

--- involves a persistent loss of memory as well as fleeing from one's family, home, and job. A) dissociative fugue B) somatic symptom disorder C) unconventionality D) conversion disorder E) dissociative identity disorder

A) dissociative fugue

The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking the receptor sites for: A) dopamine B) epinephrine C) norepinephrine D) serotonin E) acetylcholine

A) dopamine

Edith, a 45-year-old journalist, alternates between extreme sadness and lethargy and extreme euphoria and overactivity. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to her is A) lithium B) Xanax C) Clozaril D) Thorazine E) Paxil

A) lithium

A token economy represents an application of the principles of: A) operant conditioning B) systematic desensitization C) humanistic therapy D) classical conditioning E) observational learning

A) operant conditioning

Cross-cultural studies of schizophrenia idicate that A) rates of schizophrenia are fairly constant accross cultures B) auditory hallucinations show variability accross cultures C) visual hallucinations do not show cultural variability D) schizophrenic symptoms are learned behavior E) schizophrenia is asent in some cultures

A) rates of schizophrenia are fairly constant accross cultures

I have been diagnosed with dissociative fugue. My problem is primarily: A) retrograde amnesia B) anterograde amnesia C) retroactive interference D) proactive interference E) none of these

A) retrograde amnesia

Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr. Phillips's hostility to be an example of: A) transference B) resistance C) the placebo effect D) counterconditioning E) regression toward the mean

A) transference

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor? A) Xanax B) Prozac C) Ativan D) Clozaril E) Thorazine

B) Prozac

Which of the following disorders is classified as an affective disorder A) catatonia B) bipolar disorder C) general anxiety disorder D) agoraphobia E) antisocial personality disorder

B) bipolar disorder

Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to --- therapists. A) psychoanalytic B) cognitive C) eclectic D) client-centered E) behavior

B) cognitive

Melanie's therapist suggests that when she feels anxious, Melanie should attribute her arousal to her highly reactive nervous system and shift her attention to playing a game with her preschool child. This suggestion best illustrates A) systematic desensitization B) cognitive-behavioral therapy C) client-centered therapy D) psychodynamic therapy E) family therapy

B) cognitive-behavioral therapy

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation shows greatest promise for the treatment of: A) schizophrenia B) depression C) alcoholism D) phobias E) bulimia

B) depression

--- schizophrenia would have incoherent speech as one of the primary symptoms. A) undifferentiated B) disorganized C) residual D) catatonic E) paranoid

B) disorganized

My therapist suggests that she will cover me with spiders to fight my fear of them. She believes in the value of A) systematic desensitization B) flooding C) rTMS D) client-centered therapy E) ECT

B) flooding

Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapists to --- during the process of therapy. A) clearly communicate their diagnosis of a client's disorder B) genuinely express their own true feelings C) explain the immediate cause of a client's difficulties D) identify a hierarchy of the client's anxiety-arousing experiences E) confront patients about examples of resistance

B) genuinely express their own true feelings

To identify genes that put people at risk for depression, researchers have used A) fMRI scans B) linkage analysis C) PET scans D) the DSM-V E) factor analysis

B) linkage analysis

If my doctor has prescribed MAOIs for me, I probably suffer from A) paranoia personality disorder or schizophrenia B) major depressive disorder C) bipolar disorder D) antisocial personality disorder E) conversion disorder

B) major depressive disorder

Learning theorists have suggested that compulsive behaviors are A) habitual defenses against unconscious impulses B) negatively reinforced C) classically conditioned habits D) unconditioned responses to stress E) learned through cultural stereotypes

B) negatively reinforced

Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his own life. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is: A) ativan B) prozac C) xanax D) thorazine E) risperdal

B) prozac

Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is most likely a A) psychologist B) psychiatrist C) psychiatric social worker D) clinical social worker E) family therapist

B) psychiatrist

Sheena's therapist tells her to relax, close her eyes, and state aloud whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique that is central to: A) client-centered therapy B) psychoanalysis C) cognitive therapy D) EMDR E) systematic desensitization

B) psychoanalysis

Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A psychoanalyst would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of: A) fixation B) resistance C) transference D) counterconditioning E) tardive dyskinesia

B) resistance

A conversion disorder would be classified in the DSM-V as a A) dissociative disorder B) somatic symptom disorder C) psychotic disorder D) affective disorder E) personality disorder

B) somatic symptom disorder

The repeated association of pleasant relaxing state with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of: A) humanistic therapy B) systematic desensitization C) cognitive therapy D) aversive conditioning E) stress inoculation training

B) systematic desensitization

Deinstatutionalization was linked primarily with A) the introduction of the labotomy B) the introduction of neuroleptic drug therapy C) REP D) rTMS E) ECT

B) the introduction of neuroleptic drug therapy

The major difference between dissociative identity disorder (DID) and schizophrenia is that A) schizophrenia is a true split personality B) DID is a subclassification of schizophrenia C) DID is not a psychotic disorder D) schizophrenia is a subclassification of DID E) they are two terms for the same problem

C) DID is not a psychotic disorder

Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called --- schizophrenia. A) chronic B) catatonic C) acute D) process E) disorganized

C) acute

Abraham's doctor prescribes medication that increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin in his nervous system. Evidently, Abraham is being treated with a(n) --- drug A) antipsychotic B) antianxiety C) antidepressant D) anticonvulsive E) neuroleptic

C) antidepressant

Which category of disorder claims the most suffered in the United States? A) affective disorder B) dissociative disorder C) anxiety disorder D) schizophrenia E) personality disorder

C) anxiety disorder

In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of: A) biomedical therapy B) cognitive therapy C) behavior therapy D) humanistic therapy E) psychodynamic therapy

C) behavior therapy

Albert Ellis, an early --- therapist, developed a type of therapy called ---. A) behavioral; systematic desensitization B) humanistic; client-centered therapy C) cognitive; RET D) psychodynamic; free association E) biomedical; atypical antipsychotic therapy

C) cognitive; RET

Eddie believes that he is Abraham Lincoln; he dresses like him, talks like him and if anyone ever challenges the idea that he is actually Lincoln he gets quite upset. Eddie may suffer from a(n) A) hallucination B) bipolar disorder C) delusion D) anxiety disorder E) seasonal affective disorder

C) delusion

Phoebe thinks that if she goes outside a swarm of bees will kill her. Even though it is winter and there is little chance of this occuring. Phoebe is exhibiting the --- indicator of abnormality. A) hallucinations B) irrationality C) maladaptiveness D) observer discomfort E) unpredictability

C) maladaptiveness

Which of the following is a type of medication that has been linked to the side effect of tardive dyskinesia? A) antidepressants B) benzodiazepines C) neuroleptics D) anxiolytics E) tricyclics

C) neuroleptics

Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves to high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' classroom strategy illustrates and application of: A) the placebo effect B) transference C) operant conditioning D) systematic desesitization E) counterconditioning

C) operant conditioning

A person attacked by a fierce dog delevops a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates A) a conversion disorder B) agoraphobia C) stimulus generalization D) linkage analysis E) somatoform disorder

C) stimulus generalization

Which drug has provided the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia? A) lithium B) xanax C) thorazine D) prozac E) ativan

C) thorazine

Which of the following is a form of counterconditioning? A) unconditional positive regard B) stress inoculation training C) virtual reality exposure therapy D) free association E) psychoanalysis

C) virtual reality exposure therapy

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with: A) rTMS B) EMDR C) SSRIs D) ECT E) light exposure therapy

D) ECT

Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called A) psychopharmacology B) neurogenesis C) rTMS D) a lobotomy E) ECT

D) a lobotomy

Aversive conditioning involves: A) replacing a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response B) identifying a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences C) depriving a client of access to an addictive drug D) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences E) systematically controling the consequences of patients' maladaptive behaviors

D) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences

Psychodynamic therapy is --- than traditional psychoanalysis. A) less effective B) more expensive C) less commonly used D) briefer E) less directive

D) briefer

A key feature of --- is odd motor state in which the indivisual may remain frozen in a stupor for long periods of time. A) obsessive-compulsive disorder B) undifferentiated schizophrenia C) residual schizophrenia D) catatonic schizophrenia E) paranoid schizophrenia

D) catatonic schizophrenia

As a psychotherapist, Dr. Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems. Dr. Buist's position is most characteristic of --- therapy. A) cognitive B) psychoanalytic C) operant conditioning D) client-centered E) biomedical

D) client-centered

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be A) unconditioned stimuli B) conditioned stimuli C) unconditioned responses D) conditioned responses E) neutral stimuli

D) conditioned responses

A key feature of --- disorder is the appearance of physical symptoms without an apparent biological cause. A) dysthymic B) dissociative identity C) somatic symptom disorder D) conversions E) a hallucinatory

D) conversions

Those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display A) a lack of guilt feelings B) delusions of persecution C) apathy and lack of energy D) dramatic, attention-getting behaviors E) delusions and hallucinations

D) dramatic, attention-getting behaviors

I have been depressed for more than two years, and I don't think it will ever change. I would be diagnosed with ---, and Martin Seligman would point to my belief that the problem is --- as an explanation for the depression. A) major depressive disorder; global B) major depressive disorder; stable C) dysthymic disorder; unstable D) dysthymic disorder; stable E) bipolar disorder; external

D) dysthymic disorder; stable

As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as: A) psychoanalytic B) client-centered C) behavioral D) eclectic E) meta-analytic

D) eclectic

Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely depressed patients? A) psychoanalysis B) drug therapy C) systematic desensitization D) electroconvulsive therapy E) stress inoculation training

D) electroconvulsive therapy

Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from seasonal affective disorder? A) transference B) EMDR C) systematic desensitization D) light exposure therapy E) therapeutic touch

D) light exposure therapy

In the 1950s, Hans Eysenck challenged the effectiveness of psychotherapy because it appeared to be A) too expensive and time-consuming B) less beneficial than drug therapy C) helpful only for those with relatively minor disorders D) no one more beneficial than no treatment at all E) helpful only to patients with biomedical disorders

D) no one more beneficial than no treatment at all

The major characteristic of somatic symptom disorder is a disturbance of A) sleep B) mood C) appetite D) physical conditions E) perception

D) physical conditions

Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy? A) meta-analysis B) psychopharmocology C) free association D) regression toward the mean E) the double-blind technique

D) regression toward the mean

Jenna is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a speaking engagement she should reassure herself with comments like, "Cheer up, Jenna. You know what your talking about and your topic is really interesting!" This approach to reducing Jenna's fear most clearly illustrates: A) aversive conditioning B) client-centered therapy C) systematic desensitization D) stress inoculation training E) psychoanalysis

D) stress inoculation training

Mr. Gotanda mistakenly believed that a single intake interview in which he simply described his numerous symptoms to a therapist was a treatment for distress. His immediate relief from many of his symptoms following this session best illustrates A) systematic desensitization B) unconditional positive regard C) transference D) the placebo effect E) counterconditioning

D) the placebo effect

In a study by David Rosenhan (1973), researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices." This study best illustrated the negative effects of: A) the medical model B) psychoanalytic theory C) hallucinations D) linkage analysis E) diagnostic labels

E) diagnostic labels

Seeing one-eyed monsters would be a(n) ---. Believing that you are Christopher Columbus would be a ---. A) delusion; compulsion B) obsession; delusion C) hallucination; compulsion D) obsession; compulsion E) hallucination; delusion

E) hallucination; delusion

The primary identifying characteristic of antisocial personality disorder is A) withdrawal from others B) committing a crime C) displaying odd, atypical behaviors D) maintaining delusions of grandeur E) having little concern for others

E) having little concern for others

Benzodiazepines work primarily to: A) block the action of dopamine B) mimic the action of serotonin C) increase norepinephrine levels D) influence acetylcholine levels E) increase the availability of GABA

E) increase the availability of GABA

Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz argues that mental illness A) is a serious form of illness that cannot be cured B) is underdiagnosed C) should lead to hospitalization D) is actually caused by physical factors E) is a myth

E) is a myth

Depression is related to reduced brain activity within the A) right temporal lobe B) right parietal lobe C) right occipital lobe D) left temporal lobe E) left frontal lobe

E) left frontal lobe