Basic Nutrition Smartbook 3
Which of the following statements about specific immunity are true?
A specific immune response will be more efficient after the first exposure to a pathogen. It involves the use of antibodies to flag foreign proteins for destruction. It is also called adaptive immunity.
The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called
ATP, adenosine triphosphate
Which of the following are signs or symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?
Abdominal distension Abdominal pain relieved by bowel movement Irregular bowel function
Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?
At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet.
Which of the following lifestyle modifications may help prevent ulcers from occurring or recurring?
Avoiding smoking Limiting use of NSAIDs
which of the following yields energy?
Carbs, fats, proteins
True or false: For the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, insoluble fiber is more effective than soluble fiber.
False
Identify how fiber works in reducing constipation.
Fiber stimulates peristalsis by drawing water into the large intestine.
Which of the following behaviors clearly increases the likelihood of developing a peptic ulcer?
Frequent use of NSAIDs
What substance is necessary for the body to absorb vitamin B-12?
Intrinsic factor
Which digestive organ has no villi or digestive enzymes, has a number of mucus-producing cells, and absorbs water, some vitamins, some fatty acids, and the minerals sodium and potassium?
Large intestine
List the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Which of the following are potential long-term complications of untreated celiac disease?
Osteoporosis (bone loss) Anemia Infertility
Which of the following are roles of the endocrine system?
Plays a major role in the regulation of metabolism Maintains water balance Produces hormones
Which of the following illustrate the relationship between the immune system and nutritional status?
Populations in areas stricken by famine experience increased rate of infections. An individual with vitamin C deficiency suffers from impaired wound healing. An individual with HIV is at increased risk of contracting food-borne illness.
Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains?
Rye Barley Wheat
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are part of the digestive system but are considered to be _____ structures.
accessory
The _____ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed.
acid
The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in
activating some digestive enzymes. making dietary minerals soluble. partially digesting protein.
Another name for specific immunity is
adaptive immunity
The primary site for storage of fat is the
adipose tissue
The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of
amylase
Regular use of ______ may cause constipation.
antacids iron supplements calcium supplements
One substance that aids the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is
bile
____ is stored in the gallbladder.
bile
______ suspends lipids in the watery chyme in the small intestine so that lipids can be more easily digested by lipase enzymes.
bile
If the diet is lacking in a specific nutrient, it will
break down tissues that contain a high concentration of the nutrient.
Glycogen is the primary storage form of ______ in the human body.
carbohydrates
In the liver and muscle cells, glycogen is the short-term storage form of
carbohydrates
The malabsorption of nutrients caused by _____ can lead to weight loss, anemia, infertility, and bone loss.
celiac disease
The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of
chemical digestion
Regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to
constipation
increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of
constipation
To aid the laxative action of dietary fiber in the large intestine,
consume additional fluid.
Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes
consuming more fluids daily. consuming more fiber daily.
When a person with celiac disease consumes wheat, he or she may experience
decreased production of digestive enzymes. impaired nutrient absorption. flattening of the intestinal villi.
Which of the following are functions of the nervous system?
detects sensation, directs movement, controls intellectual functioning
Non-specific immunity ______ require a previous encounter with a pathogen.
does not
The major risk of untreated GERD is
esophageal cancer.
People with celiac disease
experience an autoimmune response when they consume gluten.
True or false: Fats are the primary source of fuel for the brain
false
True or false: Fats are the primary source of fuel for the brain.
false
True or false: Obtaining nutrients from supplements is no different than obtaining nutrients from food.
false
True or false: The digestive system is the body system primarily in charge of regulating metabolism.
false
True or false: The storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients.
false
Adipose tissue is the storage site for:
fat
A lipase is an enzyme that digests
fats
Bile aids digestion of ______ in the small intestine.
fats
The initial goal of diet therapy for diarrhea is to provide
fluids and electrolytes.
The organ that stores bile is the _____.
gallbladder
Identify three organs that are an important part of the digestive system, even though they do not come in direct contact with food matter in the gastrointestinal tract.
gallbladder, pancreas, liver
Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of _____.
gerd
Most of the time, the brain relies on ______ as its energy source.
glucose
Match the storage site for the nutrients below.
glucose- muscle & liver fat-adipose tissue calcium- bones
In those with celiac disease, exposure to ______ causes the villi of the small intestine to flatten.
gluten
The storage form of glucose in the body is
glycogen
Large dosages of vitamin A (e.g., more than 3 times the RDA)
harmful side effects
An increased risk of esophageal cancer and chronic esophageal inflammation occurs in individuals with untreated _____.
heartburn
Fiber eases constipation by
holding water in the feces. forming soft, bulky stool.
Compared to the small intestine, the large intestine
houses more bacteria. absorbs fewer nutrients.
Preventing pathogens from invading the body is a shared role of which two of the following systems?
immune, digestive system
The function of bile is to assist digestion of
lipids.
Carbohydrates can be stored in the form of glycogen in the
liver, muscles
The mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of
mechanical digestion
Match the site of production with the secretion(s).
mouth-salivary stomach-Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor pancreas-Lipase, amylase, protease, and bicarbonate liver-bile
The ______ system is a regulatory system that centrally controls most body functions.
nervous system
____ immunity does not require a previous encounter with a pathogen.
nonspecific
For diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral infections, dietary restrictions (e.g., limiting the diet to include only bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) are usually ______ for recovery.
not necessary
the ___ and the small intestine produce most of the digestive enzymes.
pancreas
The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called
peristalsis.
Which two minerals are important for transmission of nerve impulses
potassium, sodium
The digestive system supports the immune system by
preventing pathogens in food from invading the body.
An enzyme that breaks down the bonds in protein is a(n)
protease
Treatment for mild constipation includes
relaxation. engaging in physical activity. consuming additional fluid.
Treatment for diarrhea in infants and older adults
should be prompt to prevent rapid dehydration.
Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the
small intestine
The site of most nutrient absorption is in the
small intestine.
The primary treatment for gallstones is
surgical removal of the gallbladder.
It is possible to consume too much of a nutrient, which can lead to a nutrient toxicity. This is most likely to occur when a person
takes high-dose dietary supplements.
True or false: There is a clear interrelationship between nutrition status and organ system function.
true
When gallstones block the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, a person usually experiences pain in the
upper left
Which of the following dietary components can be absorbed by the cells lining the stomach?
water, alcohol