BIOL 2250 - Chapter 7 Skeletal System

A central canal of an osteon is also called a ______ canal.

Haversian

Which characterizes the process of bone resorption?

Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix

Which statements characterize periosteum?

It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue

Which statements describe the matrix of bone?

It is harder than the matrix of cartilage It is composed of organic and inorganic substances

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

Osteoclasts

______ remove bone matrix and ______ add to it.

Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

Which statements characterize canaliculi?

They extend from lacuna to lacuna Nutrients pass through them They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions

Covering the end of an epiphysis of a long bone is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the _____ cartilage.

articular

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

articular cartilage

The end of a long bone is covered with ______.

articular cartilage

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______.

canaliculi

Spongy bone is also called ______.

cancellous bone

Osteoclasts are ______.

cells that break down bone

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the:

central canal

Chondrocytes are ______.

chondroblasts that have become encased with matrix

Which is an organic component of bone?

collagen fibers

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

concentric lamellae

Bone is a type of ______ tissue.

connective

What is the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone called?

diaphysis

The ______ epiphysis is the end of a long bone that is farthest from the trunk of the body.

distal

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______.

endosteum

A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the ______.

epiphyseal line

The epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of ______.

hyaline cartilage

When osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, bone mass ______.

increases

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.

internal

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?

it contains no osteons it contains parallel lamellae

Which statements characterize endosteum?

it is active during bone repair it lines medullary cavities it contains osteoblasts

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called:

lacunae

Osteocytes are ______.

mature bone cells

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the:

metaphysis

What is the region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis called?

metaphysis

Another name for the calcification of bone is:

mineralization

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone?

organic component

Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength?

organic components

Bone resorption is a function of ______.

osteoclasts

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.

osteocytes

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______.

periosteum

Osteoblasts function to ______.

produce osteoid

Which is a function of bone?

protection of organs

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the _____ epiphysis.

proximal

The diaphysis of a bone is the ______ of a bone.

shaft

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ______ bone.

spongy

Functions of bone include ______.

support blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) protection mineral storage

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?

their numbers vary among osteons they are rings of bone tissue they contain collagen fibers

Which statements characterize central canals of osteons?

they contain nerves they contain blood vessels they are a cylindrical channel

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

they maintain bone matrix they reside in lacunae

Bone formation requires ______.

vitamin D calcium phosphate

In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.

yellow

Which statements describe an osteon?

It is microscopic It contains a central canal It is also called a Haversian system It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone

Which statements correctly describe compact bone?

it is solid and relatively dense it forms the external walls of a long bone

What is the cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone called?

medullary cavity

Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue.

osseous