BIOL 2274 - Chapter 7 Review

The thoracic cage consists of __________ pairs of ribs.

12

The thoracic cage consists of how many pairs of ribs?

12

Standard number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?

126

Total number of true ribs?

14

Total number of carpals?

16

Total number of metacarpals and metatarsals?

20

Standard number of bones in the adult?

206

How many total ribs does a person normally have?

24

Total number of vertebrae?

33 (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal)

The vertebral column consists of __________ major curvatures.

4

Number of vertebrae fused together that result in the sacrum?

5

Total number of phalanges?

56

Total number of ossicles?

6

Number of tarsals in one extremity?

7

The vertebral column typically consists of __________ cervical vertebrae, __________ thoracic vertebrae, and __________ lumbar vertebrae.

7, 12, 5

The vertebral column consists of __________ cervical vertebrae, __________ thoracic vertebrae, __________ lumbar vertebrae, __________ sacrum and __________ coccygeal bone.

7, 12, 5, 1, 1

How many cranial bones are in the skull?

8

Number of carpals in one extremity?

8

Number of cranial bones?

8

Standard number of bones in the axial skeleton?

80

Select all that apply. Identify the functions of the hyoid bone. A. Provides a point of attachment for muscles of swallowing B. Provides a point of attachment for muscles of the tongue C. Provides a point of attachment for muscles of speech D. Protects the larynx E. Provides a point of attachment for muscles of mastication

A. Provides a point of attachment for muscles of swallowing B. Provides a point of attachment for muscles of the tongue C. Provides a point of attachment for muscles of speech

Select all that apply. What are the components of the thoracic cage? A. Sternum B. Thoracic vertebrae C. Scapula D. Clavicle E. Ribs

A. Sternum B. Thoracic vertebrae E. Ribs

Select all that apply. The structures that are given protection by the axial skeleton are the: A. Abdominal organs B. Brain C. Organs within the thorax D. Muscles of the legs E. Spinal cord

B. Brain C. Organs within the thorax E. Spinal cord

Select all that apply. Which of the following bones are a part of the forearm? A. Tibia B. Radius C. Ulna D. Humerus

B. Radius C. Ulna

Which of the following is found inferior to the maxilla and has a posterior articulation with the temporal bone? A. Parietal B. Palatine Bone C. Mandible D. Zygomatic E. Sphenoid

C. Mandible

Which of the following bones is paired? A. Occipital B. Vomer C. Temporal D. Sphenoid E. Mandible

C. Temporal

Which of the following statements concerning the vertebrae is TRUE? A. The first cervical vertebra is called the axis. B. The spinal cord protects the vertebral column. C. Thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes. D. The sacral vertebrae are superior to the lumbar vertebrae. E. Lumbar vertebrae are generally smaller than thoracic vertebrae.

C. Thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes.

Which of the following bones forms part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? A. Vomer B. Sphenoid C. Nasal D. Inferior nasal conchae E. Frontal

D. Inferior nasal conchae

Which of the following facial bones is correctly matched with its function? A. Temporal - is part of the orbit B. Zygomatic - provides attachment point for temporalis muscle C. Vomer - forms the hard palate D. Maxilla - possesses sockets for teeth E. Inferior nasal conchae - contain nasolacrimal canals

D. Maxilla - possesses sockets for teeth

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? A. Scapula B. Clavicle C. Radius D. Rib E. Hipbone

D. Rib

The thumb and big toe are similar in that: A. both contain carpal bones. B. each have three metatarsals. C. both are composed of sesamoid bones. D. both have two rather than three phalanges. E. both have three rather than two phalanges.

D. both have two rather than three phalanges.

Which of the following anatomical features of bones is correctly matched with its function? A. Tubercle - lining of a joint B. Foramen - a depression in a bone C. Body - attachment point for a tendon or ligament D. Sinus - a tunnel in a bone E. Foramen - a hole for a blood vessel

E. Foramen - a hole for a blood vessel

True or False: In general, the bones of the pelvic girdle are thicker, lighter, and longer than those of the upper limb.

False

True or False: The right and left coccyx join each other anteriorly and the sacrum posteriorly to form the pelvic girdle.

False

True or False: The intervertebral discs are pads of hyaline cartilage found between bodies of adjacent vertebrae

False - Fibrocartilage

True or False: The cervical and thoracic regions are concave anteriorly.

False - Posteriorly

True or False: There are typically 5 major curvatures associated with the adult vertebral column.

False The adult vertebral column has 5 regions but only 4 major curvatures.

True or False: The intervertebral foramina are openings where the spinal nerves exit the spinal cord.

True

True or False: The pelvic girdle is attached much more firmly to the body than the pectoral girdle.

True

True or False: There are five regions of the adult vertebral column, and there are four major curvatures.

True

The head of the femur articulates with the __________ of the hip bone.

acetabulum

The head of the femur forms the hip joint by articulating with the __________.

acetabulum

The cervical region of the spinal column curves __________.

anteriorly

The __________ skeleton consists of bones of the upper limbs, the lower limbs, the pectoral girdle, and the pelvic girdle.

appendicular

The first cervical vertebrae is the __________.

atlas ("yes" movement) (axis is "no" movement)

The __________ skeleton consists of bones of the skull, the auditory ossicles, the hyoid bone, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage.

axial

The brain and spinal cord are protected by bones of the __________ skeleton.

axial

The solid bony disk of each vertebrae is called the vertebral __________.

body

The axial skeleton protects the __________, the spinal cord, and the vital organs within the thorax.

brain

Bones of the pectoral girdle include the __________ and the __________.

clavicle, scapula

The __________ does NOT form part of the pelvic girdle but it does get included if you list the bones of the PELVIS.

coccyx

The bones of the pelvis are the bones of the pelvic girdle and the __________.

coccyx

Which bones of the skull protect the brain? Cranial or facial?

cranial

The head of the ulna is on its __________ end. Distal or proximal?

distal

Which bones form the nasal septum?

ethmoid and vomer

Andrew is in a car accident and fractures his maxilla. To which group of bones does this belong?

face

What type of ribs? - Inferior 5 ribs - Articulate with thoracic vertebrae, may articulate with costal cartilage but does not directly join with the sternum

false ribs (includes floating ribs)

What part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bones?

femoral head

The condyles at the proximal end of the tibia articulate with the __________ bone.

femur

Which bone articulates with the condyles at the proximal end of the tibia?

femur

A patient in a skiing accident is told that the lateral side of the ankle joint has been crushed. The bone that has been injured is the __________.

fibula

Certain skull bones and ribs are examples of __________ bones.

flat

The condyles of the tibia are __________.

flat

What type of ribs? - Pairs 11 and 12 - Articulate only with thoracic vertebrae and no other bone type

floating ribs

Bone Features: A hole in a bone

foramen

Bone Features: The general term for a depression on a bone

fossa

Bone Features: A little pit found in a bone

fovea

The axial skeleton contains bones of the __________.

head

The bone that extends from the shoulder to the elbow is the __________.

humerus

A coroner determines the cause of death to be strangulation because this delicate bone is fractured. Which bone is this?

hyoid

The bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone is the __________ bone.

hyoid

What bone provides an attachment point for tongue muscles and the neck muscles that elevate the larynx during speech or swallowing?

hyoid

The opening between the pedicles of two successive vertebrae is called the __________ foramen.

intervertebral

The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the __________ __________.

intervertebral foramen

Which foramen is an opening between the pedicles of two successive vertebrae? They allow passage of the spinal nerves.

intervertebral foramen

The styloid process of the ulna is on the __________ side of its distal end. Medial or lateral?

lateral

Bones of the upper and lower limbs that are longer than they are wide are called __________ bones.

long

The sternum is composed of three parts, which are the __________ that articulates with the clavicles, the __________ that articulates with the ribs, and the xiphoid process.

manubrium, body

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

A developing embryo has __________ vertebrae than an adult. More or fewer?

more

A person who gets hit on the back of the head might suffer injury to which bone?

occipital

The clavicle and scapula make up the __________ girdle.

pectoral

The pelvis includes all of the bones of the __________ girdle and the coccyx.

pelvic

Two hip bones and the sacrum form the __________ girdle.

pelvic

The left and right coxal bones together with the sacrum form the __________ __________.

pelvic girdle

Bone Features: A prominent projection on a bone

process

The bones of the forearm include the __________ and the __________.

radius, ulna

Which bones are included in the pelvic girdle?

right and left coxal bones, sacrum

What bones form the pelvis?

right and left coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx

Wrist bones that are round or nearly cube-shaped are classified as __________ bones.

short

Bone Features: A cavity found in a bone lined with mucous membranes

sinus

What runs through the vertebral foramen?

spinal cord

The bony ridge in the figure is called the __________ of the scapula.

spine

The anterior boundary of the "rib cage" is the __________.

sternum

The components of the thoracic cage are the thoracic vertebrae, __________, and __________.

sternum, ribs

The immovable joints between cranial bones are called __________.

sutures

A person who has cerebrospinal fluid draining from the ear probably has a fracture of the __________ bone.

temporal

The femur is also known as the __________ bone.

thigh

The ribs articulate with the __________ vertebrae.

thoracic

The two bones of the lower leg are the __________ and the __________.

tibia, fibula

What bones make up the lower leg?

tibia, fibula

Those ribs that attach directly to the sternum are referred to as __________ ribs.

true

What type of ribs? - Superior 7 ribs - Articulate with thoracic vertebrae and directly with the sternum

true ribs

Bone Features: A small rounded bump on a bone

tubercle

The head of the ulna articulates with the radius and __________ __________.

wrist bones

The most inferior portion of the sternum is the __________ __________.

xiphoid process

Getting a kiss on the cheek means the __________ bone is involved.

zygomatic