Biology: Cell Transportation Test

nonpolar

repelled by water

Transport Protein

protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane

Carrier, change their shape

*blank * proteins- proteins that *blank* after interacting with a specific molecule in order to let it pass through.

Water, polar

*blank* is a *blank* molecule

Channel, simple tunnels, gated, open, close

*blank* protein- *blank* that molecules can use to enter or exit the cell. Can be *blank* to *blank* and *blank* (Facilitated Diffusion)

Water inside the cell is higher

A cell is in a hypertonic solution if the concentration of *blank* than the concentration outside the cell

Water inside the cell is lower, enters

A cell is in a hypotonic solution if the concentration of blank than the cell concentration outside the cell Water *blank* the cell, and the cell could burst.

lipid, phosphate group

A phospholipid is a *blank* with a *blank* attached.

Sodium-potassium pump

A specialized protein that pumps three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions that are moved into cell; moves sodium and potassium against the concentration gradient

name tags, identify the cell

Marker proteins are like *blank* that *blank*

Brownian movement

Molecules are able to naturally diffuse due to a mechanism called *blank*

Simple Diffusion

Molecules simply diffuse through a semipermeable without any aid of transport proteins [Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide]

Against, very big

Molecules that are actively transported go *blank* The concentration gradient or are actively transported because the molecules are *blank*

the rate of diffusion decreases

Once the equilibrium is reached, what happens?

immune

One of the functions of marker proteins is to enable a person's *blank* system to distinguish its cells from those of invading cells

Water

Osmosis is the diffusion of *blank*

Exo

Out

Gated channel proteins

channel proteins that have a gate or flap to open and close in order to let certain substances out

concentration gradient

What must exist to allow molecules to diffuse?

water-based fluids

What surrounds each side of the cell membrane?

Salt water

What will dehydrate you severely?

Passive

Which transport does not require energy?

Active

Which transport requires energy?

against, low, high, very large

Active transport moves substances across the cell membrane *blank* the concentration gradient (from *blank* to *blank*) OR is used to move *blank* molecules that will not fit through the membranes or the transport proteins.

An active transport in which a protein pumps 3 sodium ions out of the cell for every 2 potassium ions that enter

Define sodium-potassium pump

Both

Are Channel and carrier proteins passive or active?

proteins to help

Bigger molecules need *Blank* get in or out of the cell

changing their shape

Carrier proteins- transport proteins that can move substances by *blank* (both active and passive)

Cyto

Cell

Isotonic

Cell environment where concentrations of water are equal inside and out of cell

Burst

Cell will *blank* if environment remains a hypotonic; percentage of water is higher outside cell than in

Shrink

Cell will *blank* if it is exposed to a hypertonic environment; percentage of water is lower outside of the cell than in

Size, small, Polarity is not strong

Despite water's polarity, it can sneak through the cell membrane because of its *blank.* It is *blank* enough that it's *blank* enough for the cell membrane to repel

small openings, ions or polar molecules

Channel proteins- *blank* in the cell membranes, usually used for *blank*

the random movement of particles

Define Brownian movement

the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

Define Osmosis.

A difference of concentrations between two regions

Define concentration gradient.

The diffusion of polar molecules and amino acids with the assistance of transport proteins

Define facilitated diffusion

too big

Endocytosis- a process by which cells surround and engulf substances that are *blank* to enter the cell.

Concentrations, both sides, equal

Equilibrium- the state in which the *blank* on *blank* of the semipermeable membrane are the same *(blank)*

Expels it out of the cell

Exocytosis - opposite endocytosis. When a cell forms of vesicle around unwanted particles and *blank*

Proteins

Facilitated diffusion is passive *transport* used to move *ions and polar molecules* in and out of the membrane with the assistant of *blank*

polar molecules

Facilitated diffusion use proteins to allow *blank* and amino acids into and out of the cell

Polar, ions, transport proteins

Facilitated diffusion- the transport of *blank* substances or *blank* across a semipermeable membrane that requires *blank*

moving materials in and out of the cell

For what are transport proteins responsible?

flap

Gated channel proteins- channel proteins that have a gate or *blank* to open and close in order to let certain substances in an out

Endo

In

membrane, engulf, vesicle

In endocytosis, the cell uses its own *blank* to *blank* the substance into a *blank* and bring it in.

with the concentration gradient

In passive transport, substances move across the membrane *blank*

Channels, ions

Ion channels are proteins with special *blank* that can open or close to let *blank* in and out

Ions, with, low

Ion channels- specialized channels used in passive transport. Allow *blank* in and out of the cell *blank* the concentration gradient (high to *blank*)

Equal, no net movement

Isotonic - water concentration stays *blank* inside and outside the cell What enters and leaves the cell *blank*

Nonpolar, polar

Proteins are needed to assist ions and polar molecules because the inner portion of the cell is *blank* and will resist any *blank* molecules trying to pass

Receptor Proteins

Proteins that allow the cell to react and communicate with other cells by picking up signals from other cells. The part of this on the exterior of the cell surface binds to a molecule, causing the portion of the inside of cell to change shape- triggering a reaction, sending a message.

Marker Protein

Proteins that are like markers and identify the cell. "glycoproteins" is another name because they contain carbs. Function: enable person's immune system.

Requires energy

Recall the active transport *blank* (ATP)

interact, communicate, picking up signals

Receptor proteins allow the cell to *blank* and *blank* with other cells by *blank* from other cells

Nonpolar

Simple diffusion is passive and does not require proteins- substances that are *blank* and have no charge can simply diffuse through the membranes

Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis

What are the types of Passive transport?

Endocytosis, exocytosis, and sodium-potassium pump

What are three examples of active transport?

Molecules diffuse at a net rate of zero

What happens once the equilibrium reached?

diffuse

Small molecules can *blank* through the membrane (including water)

Channel Proteins

Small openings in the cell membranes; usually used for ions or polar molecules

electrical signals, fatal, ion channels, to diffuse back into the cell

Sodium potassium pump- Sodium plays a key role in generating *blank* among our cells. If sodium build up in our cells, it can cause them to malfunction and can be *blank* Sodium is constantly sneaking back into our cells after it is pumped out. HOW? *blank* (passive transport) allows them *blank* (with the concentration gradient)

move from high to low

Substances *blank* concentration (Passive)

Pinocytosis

Taking in dissolved or broken-down particles

Phagocytosis

Taking in solid food particles

S.J. Singer, Mosaic, structure of the cell membrane, many different molecules

The Fluid Mosaic Model proposed by *Blank* A *blank* is a work of art made of different colored or textured tiles assembled to form a picture or design The term "fluid mosaic model" the model used to describe the *blank* This is because there are so *blank* attached to the cell membrane. forming mosaic.

Receptor mediated

The cell brings in specific substances using receptors (specific hormones, proteins, etc).

barrier

The cell membrane acts as a *blank,* separating the cell's inside from its outside

plasma membrane, semi-permeable membrane

The cell membrane is also known as the *blank* and is often referred to as the *blank.*

both sides have water-based fluids

What helps with the integrity of the cell?

Diffusion

What is another name for passive transport?

Phospholipid bilayer

What is the structure out of which the cell membrane is made?

triggering a reaction, signal

The part of the receptor protein on the exterior of the cell surface binds to a molecule. This causes the portion of the portein on the outside pf the cell to change shape, *blank* within the cell; thus, sending a *blank.*

hate

The tails of phospholipids *blank* water.

the tendency for the cell to allow some materials in, not all.

To what does semi-permeable refer?

Hypertonic

Too little water in the cell

Hypotonic

Too much water in the cell

Carrier Protein

Transport protein that can move substances by changing their shape.

Leaves the cell

Water *blank* in hypertonic

Na+, K+, Cl-

What are examples of ions?

Ions, salts, and potassium

What are examples of transport proteins?

regulate what enters and leaves, provide protection and support, and communicate with other cells

What are the three functions of the cell membrane?

Transport proteins, marker proteins, and receptor proteins

What are the three proteins embedded into the cell membrane?

Passive and active transport

What are the two types of cellular transport?

Polar

attracted to water

love

the heads of phospholipids *blank* water.