Biology Chapter 9 Study review

d) 100%

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis? a) 0% b) 2% c) 38% d) 100%

d) 30-32

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration? a) 2 b) 4 c) 18-24 d) 30-32

d) lactic acid fermentation

During intense exercise, muscles lack sufficient oxygen, so which process will these muscles mainly use? a) alcoholic fermentation b) the citric acid cycle c) only glycolysis, with NAD+not utilized d) lactic acid fermentation e) chemiosmosis

d) the citric acid cycle

During which of the following metabolic processes is most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released? a) glycolysis b) electron transport c) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA d) the citric acid cycle

c) mitochondrial intermembrane space

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells? a) cytoplasm adjacent to the mitochondrial outer membrane b) mitochondrial inner membrane c) mitochondrial intermembrane space d) mitochondrial matrix

d) NADH

Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is stored in the form of which of the following molecules? a) acetyl-CoA b) NAD+ c) pyruvate d) NADH

a) yes, by glycolysis and fermentation

If you removed the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, could the cell produce any ATP from glucose? a) yes, by glycolysis and fermentation b) yes, by the citric acid cycle c) yes, using the ATP synthase d) yes, by electron transport

e) all of the above

If your cells were in need of ATP, what could help you? a) substrate-level phosphorylation b) ATP synthase c) glycolysis d) fermentation e) all of the above

c) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + to ATP? a) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport chain b) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation c) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient d) energy released as electrons are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane

a) ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the production of which of the following sets of molecules? a) ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) b) ATP, CO2, and lactate c) ATP, NADH, and ethanol d) ATP, CO2, and acetyl CoA

d) in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

In which reactions of cellular respiration and fermentation does substrate-level phosphorylation occur? a) ) only in glycolysis b) only in the citric acid cycle c) only in the electron transport chain d) in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

b) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in which of the following processes or events? a) glycolysis b) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain c) the citric acid cycle d) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

c) The glucose molecule is oxidized.

What happens to a glucose molecule when it loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction? a) The glucose molecule is hydrolyzed. b) The glucose molecule is an oxidizing agent. c) The glucose molecule is oxidized. d) The glucose molecule is reduced.

b) mitochondrial inner membrane

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? a) mitochondrial outer membrane b) mitochondrial inner membrane c) mitochondrial intermembrane space d) mitochondrial matrix

b) NADH and FADH2

Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle? a) NAD+ only b) NADH and FADH2 c) the electron transport chain d) ADP and ATP

c) the harnessing of energy from high-energy electrons derived from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain? a) ) the breakdown of glucose into six carbon dioxide molecules b) the breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide c) the harnessing of energy from high-energy electrons derived from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle d) substrate-level phosphorylation

c) electron transport.

performing cellular respiration. You detect cytochromes in one fraction, so it was probably used for the study of a) glycolysis. b) fermentation. c) electron transport. d) ATP synthase function.

a) glycolysis and fermentation

Which of the following metabolic processes take place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? a) glycolysis and fermentation b) fermentation and chemiosmosis c) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA d) citric acid cycle

c) It occurs in the cytosol.

Which statement about glycolysis is true? a) It splits water. b) It produces FADH2. c) It occurs in the cytosol. d) It makes the most ATP compared to the other steps in the breakdown of glucose. e) It splits lipids.

c) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, using the energy released to drive ATP formation.

Cellular respiration can best be described as a) using energy released from breaking high-energy covalent bonds in organic molecules to force ATP formation from ADP and phosphate. b) taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP. c) taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, using the energy released to drive ATP formation. d) converting higher-energy organic molecules to lower-energy organic molecules and using the energy released to drive ATP formation.

a) The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released.

What happens when electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom? a) The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released. b) The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is consumed. c) The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is consumed. d) The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is released.

b) glycolysis

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O2) is present? a) citric acid cycle b) glycolysis c) lactate fermentation d) oxidative phosphorylation

d) pumping of hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space

Which of the following processes generates a proton-motive force in mitochondria? a) the flow of protons through ATP synthase down their concentration gradient b) the reduction of NAD+ by the first electron carrier in the electron transport chain c) lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix d) pumping of hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space

b) oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis? a) substrate-level phosphorylation b) oxidative phosphorylation c) ATP hydrolysis d) reduction of NAD+ to NADH

a) glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons travel downhill energetically in aerobic respiration? a) glucose → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen b) glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen c) glucose → pyruvate → electron transport chain → NADH → ATP d) food → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → NADH → ATP

a) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.

Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true? a) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. b) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. c) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. d) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.

d) It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.

Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration? a) It yields energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the electron transport chain. b) It oxidizes glucose to form two molecules of pyruvate. c) It serves as an acceptor for carbon, forming CO2 in the citric acid cycle. d) It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.

b) It loses electrons and loses potential energy.

Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction? a) It gains electrons and gains potential energy. b) It loses electrons and loses potential energy. c) It gains electrons and loses potential energy. d) It loses electrons and gains potential energy.

a) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.

Which of the summary statements below describes the results of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy a) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. b) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced. c) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized. d) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized.

b) It makes ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation.

Which statement about the citric acid cycle is true? a) It occurs during the movement from the cytosol through the mitochondrial membranes. b) It makes ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. c) It makes the most ATP compared to the other steps in the breakdown of glucose. d) It occurs in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. e) It splits glucose.

b) It makes ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation

Which statement about the citric acid cycle is true? a) It occurs during the movement from the cytosol through the mitochondrial membranes. b) It makes ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. c) It makes the most ATP compared to the other steps in the breakdown of glucose. d) It occurs in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. e) It splits glucose.

energycontaining products? a) 2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP b) 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

) Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of energycontaining products? a) 2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP b) 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP c) 4 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP d) 6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 2 AT