Biology Section 8.5

How many amino acids make up proteins in nature?

20

stop codon

Codon that tells ribosomes to stop translation and that marks the end of the amino acid chain

codon

In DNA and mRNA, codes for an amino acid or is a start or stop signal; it is a sequence of three nucleotides

start codon

Signals the start of translation by telling ribosomes to begin translation as well as signals/codes for the amino acid methionine; codes for the first amino acid in a protein, whether it be methionine or something else

describe the sequence of a gene that corresponds to the following protein sequence: Start -Arg-Pro-Ser-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Leu-Asn-Glu-Phe-Asp-Cys-Tyr -Stop

The sequence of the gene that corresponds to the protein sequence Start -Arg-Pro-Ser-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Leu-Asn-Glu-Phe-Asp-Cys-Tyr -Stop: In RNA, it is (1: Start) AUAU; (2: Arg) CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, or AGG; (3: Pro) CCU, CCC, CCA, or CCG; (4: Ser) UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, or AGC; (5: Ser) UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, or AGC; (6: Ser) UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, or AGC; (7: Leu) UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, or CUG; (8: Arg) CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, or AGG; (9: Leu) UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, or CUG; (10: Asn) AAU or AAC; (11: Glu) GAA or GAG; (12: Phe) UUU or UUC; (13: Asp) GAU or GAC; (14: Cys) UGU or UGC; (15: Tyr) UAU or UAC; (16: Stop) UAA, UAG, or UGA. In DNA, it is (1: Start) TATA; (2: Arg) GCA, GCG, GCT, GCC, TCT, or TCC; (3: Pro) GGA, GGG, GGT, or GGC; (4: Ser) AGA, AGG, AGT, AGC, TCA, or TCG; (5: Ser) AGA, AGG, AGT, AGC, TCA, or TCG; (6: Ser) AGA, AGG, AGT, AGC, TCA, or TCG; (7: Leu) AAT, AAC, GAA, GAG, GAT, or GAC; (8: Arg) GCA, GCG, GCT, GCC, TCT, or TCC; (9: Leu) AAT, AAC, GAA, GAG, GAT, or GAC; (10: Asn) TTA or TTG; (11: Glu) CTT or CTC; (12: Phe) AAA or AAG; (13: Asp) CTA or CTG; (14: Cys) ACA or ACG; (15: Tyr) ATA or ATG; (16: Stop) ATT, ATC, or ACT.

Anticodon

a set of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is the complement of an mRNA codon

Ribosomes are able to read instructions and synthesize proteins because they have a(an)_________ ________ that shifts to attract each sort of anti-codon as the ribosome reads the mRNA.

active site

The tRNA leaving the ribosome moves to the cytoplasm to re-charge with this molecule.

amino acid

translation

at ribosomes, the process by which an mRNA message of codons is converted, or translated, into a sequence of amino acids that make a polypeptide chain; this is a part of protein synthesis

A codon is a sequence of ________ that is _____ nucleotides long.

mRNA , 3

This type of bond covalently joins amino acids during translation.

peptide