Biology Unit 12 Quiz 1

phylum platyhelminthes

animal phylum, flatworms, aquatic, marine, and moist terrestrial habitats; bilateral symmetry, 3 germ layers, acoelomate, distinct head with sensory organs (simple nervous system), lack circulatory and respiratory systems (gas exchange by diffusion through skin), incomplete digestive tract (one opening), reproduce sexually and asexually (most are hermaphroditic)

phylum nematoda

animal phylum, roundworms, most are free living and break down organic matter, some are parasitic, have bilateral symmetry, pseudocoelomate, complete digestive tract (2 holes- mouth and anus), lack circulatory and respiratory systems, most reproduce sexually (distinct sexes), include hookworms, pinworms, filarial worms, Ascaris, Trichinella

phylum porifera

animal phylum; "pore bearer", aquatic (sponges), body is porous, lack true tissues or organs, adults are sessile, larva are motile, filter feeders, asymmetrical, can reproduce sexually (external fertilization) or asexually (budding). Use collar cells, amoebocytes, pore cells, and an osculum

phylum cnidaria

animal phylum; aquatic, incomplete digestive system (one opening), all have cnidocytes and neatocysts for defense and capturing prey, two body plan forms (polyp and medusa), lack cephalization, mostly slowly moving or sessile, radial symmetry, sexual or asexual, includes hydra, jellyfish, box jellies, sea anemones, and corals

protozoans

animal-like protists, heterotrophic; examples include amoeba (eats through phagocytosis), Trypanosomainfects (infects blood, causes African sleeping sickness, parasitic), and Plasmodium (causes malaria)

closed circulatory system

blood confined to heart and blood vessels

coelom

body cavity; allows internal organs to move and be protected; 3 types

collar cells

cells that contain a flagellum which creates a current that pumps water through the pores of a sponge's body to eat

amoebocytes

cells that pick up food from collar cells, digest it, and then transport it through the sponge's body

polyp

cnidarian body plan in which the organism has a sessile, tubular body with tentacles radiating up. An example is hydra

medusa

cnidarian body plan in which the organism is more bell shaped, with tentacles radiating downwards. Free floating. An example is jellyfish

cnidocyte

contains nematocyst, on the end of cnidarian tentacles

bilateral symmetry

divided into mirror image halves only along one plane that runs down the middle, present in humans. These exhibit cephalization

radial symmetry

divided into roughly equal halves by any plane that passes through the central axis, present in hydra

parapodia

each of a number of paired muscular bristle-bearing appendages used in locomotion, sensation, or respiration.

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

eight categories of classification (from most to least general)

setae

external bristles

pseudocoelomates

fluid-filled body cavity, not completely lined with mesoderm

hermaphroditic

has male and female parts

vertebraes

have a vertebral column; 1 animal phylum

endoderm

innermost germ layer; forms lining of digestive and respiratory tracts, liver, and pancreas

acoelomate

lack a body cavity, organs embedded in solid tissue

intevertebraes

lack a vertebral column; 10 animal phyla

mesoderm

middle germ layer; forms muscle, skeleton, circulatory system, gonads, kidney

phylum annelida

segmented worms, bilateral symmetry, coelomate, body divided into a series of repeating units (segmentation) (allows for complex movement), closed circulatory system, complete digestive system (2 holes), hydrostatic skeleton (made of water), have setae, some have parapodia, includes earthworms, bristle worms, leeches.

taxonomy

the branch of biology that is concerned with the naming of organisms and classifying them into hierarchical categories

pore cells

the cells that are the entry points for food and water to enter sponges

hydrozoa

the class of cnidarians including hydra

scyphozoa

the class of cnidarians including jellyfish

anthozoa

the class of cnidarians including sea anemones and coral

cephalization

the concentration of sensory organs and a brain in a well-defined head

kingdom protista

the kingdom that is eukaryotic and mostly unicellular, the most diverse kingdom, lacking specialized tissue, mostly free living, can perform a variety of life functions

kingdom fungi

the kingdom that is eukaryotic, heterotrophic, mostly unicellular, utilize reproductive tissue known as spores

kingdom plantae

the kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, have specialized tissue

kingdom animalia

the kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, has specialized tissue, no cell walls, most reproduce sexually, are motile at some point in life cycle, exhibit body symmetry, have complex levels of cellular organization

kingdom archaebacteria

the kingdom that is prokaryotic and unicellular, includes "ancient" bacteria, are extremophiles

kingdom eubacteria

the kingdom that is prokaryotic and unicellular, includes "modern" bacteria

binomial nomenclature

the scientific name of an organism, formed by the genus and species

osculum

where water is released from in sponges

Domains

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Kingdoms

Eubacteria, archaebacteria, plantae, fungi, animalia, protista

nematocyst

a filament, typically with a poisonous barb, used in cnidarians to kill prey.

planaria

a group of Platyhelminthes, scavengers, hermaphroditic

pseudopodia

a mode of locomotion; "false feet," estension of cytoplasm present in amoeba.

flagellum

a mode of locomotion; a whip-like tail present in Euglena and Trypnosoma.

cilia

a mode of locomotion; hair-like projections present in Paramecium

water molds

a type of fungus-like protists that are heterotrophic. Composed of branching filaments of cells. Phytophthora infestans, which caused the potato famine, is an example.

slime molds

a type of fungus-like protists that are heterotrophic. Some are unicellular, large, colorful masses of cytoplasmic slime. They are found on moist, decomposing matter and move around slowly engulfing food.

flukes

a type of parasitic flatworm

tapeworms

a type of parasitic flatworm that infects people who eat raw or undercooked beef or pork or fish containing cysts

asymmetry

no pattern of symmetry

ectoderm

outermost germ layer; forms epidermis, hair, lining of mouth and nose, nervous system

algae

plant-like protists, photosynthetic, mostly multicellular. Examples include dinoflagellates (cause red tide), diatoms (marine and freshwater organisms with clacium carbonate shells), green, red, and brown algae