Biology Unit 2- Review packet

Construct a pH scale and label appropriately(acid/ base/ neutral,strong & weak)

0 - 6.9 = acids 7 = neutral 7.1 - 1.14 = bases Closer to 7 the weaker the acid or base Further from seven the stronger the acid or base.

Draw and explain an enzyme - substrate complex.

1. The enzyme finds a substrate. 2. The substrate enters the active site. 3. The enzyme puts together two substrates or breaks one apart. 4. Product is a single or multiple substrate.

How does an indicator work? Describe an indicator we used in this unit & what it told us.

An indicator changes color to demonstrate the presence of a sunstance

What might impair the functioning of an enzyme in a natural system?

Changes in pH, temperature, or the presence of heavy metal ions.

What is pH?

Concentration of H+ ions in solution

How does the term specificity relate to an enzyme?

Each enzyme is specific to one task or substrate.

Summary of main priciples learned in lab 6

Enzyme function Change in temperture & pH impacted the abiluty of enzymes ro function Enzymes are found naturally in living cells H2O2 + catalase turns into H2O + O2 + catalase Enzymes cna be re-used

How does substrate concentration effect the functioning of enzymes?

Greater substrate concentration equals greater enzyme efficieny

How are enzymes affecte by a reaction? What does this characteristic allow for?

Not affected by a reaction - they can be used again and again.

Summary of the main principles learned in lab 5

Penny lab = model for enzyme activity. Pennies = substrate Hands= enzyme Fingertips= Active Site Blocked or changed the shape of our active site with gloves an tape and lowered thei ability to function.

Describe and enzyme

Protein that acts as an organic catalyst to speed up naturally occurring reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. Because it is an ORGANIC catalyst it is impacted by changes in pH, temperature and the presence of heavy metal ions. It is not affected by the reaction and can be reused over and over again. It is substrate specific - one function.

What is the role of an enzyme?

Speeds up naturally occurring reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

How do buffers work?

They attempt to maintain homeostasis (keep pH levels the same) Molecules that bond with ions in solution (H+ or OH-) to maintain levels and therefore pH

How do enzymes function?

They bind with a substrate at the active site to either build or break down in order to speed up a reaction.

What type of bond holds an enzyme - substrate complex together? Why is this important for enzyme functioning?

Weak bond allowing the enzyme to perform its function and then break away and move on to the next substrate

Where is the macromolecule Nucleic Acid made, active, and what enzyme is involved?

Where: Pancreas Active: Small Intestine Enzyme involved: Nuclease

Where is the macromolecule Lipid made, active, and what enzyme is involved?

Where: Pancreas Liver Active: Small Intestine Enzyme Involved: Lipase Bile salts (to emulsify)

Where is the macromolecule Carbohydrate made, active, and what enzyme is involved?

Where: Salivary gland Pancreas Active: Mouth Small intestine Enzyme involved: Salivary amylase Pancreatic amylase

Where is the macromolecule Protein made, active, and what enzyme is involved?

Where: Stomach Pancreas Active: Stomach Begin of small intestine Enzyme involved: Trypsin & chimotrypsin

How could you recognize an enzyme by it's name?

ends in "ase"