Break-up of Yugoslavia - Devolution
When did Tito die? What did his death cause?
1980.Tito's death created a power vacuum. With no heir, people began to return to their centuries of ethnic and religious arguments
In what year did war between the three major groups begin?
1992
Siege of Sarajevo
1992-1996; 400,000 residents were trapped
Creation of Yugoslavia
After Austria - Hungary was defeated in WWI, the Versailles peace treaties created the kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes - uniting the various ethnic groups. In 1929, King Alexander I changed the name of the state to Yugoslavia.
Dayton Peace Plan
An agreement reacher at Dayton, Ohio in November 1995 between representatvies of Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; It includes reognition of Bosnia by Serbia and two territories within Bosnia - A Muslim Croat Federation and Serb Republic
What were the six equal republics and two provinces created when Yugoslavia was declareda Socialist country?
Coratia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia - Herzegovina, Macedonia; Kosovo and Vojvodina
Tito was a____, but fought alongside the_____ in WWII.
Croat; Serbians
Which ethnicity particularly would have preferred independance?
Croats
Srebrenica
Declared a "safe area" by UN; largest mass murder in Europe since WWII; Legally established as a case of genocide; More than 8,000 Bosnians Muslims killed under the eyes of Dutch Peacekeepers
Josef Tito faced many tough situation after WWII including:
Economic devastation, bitter memories of civil war, demographic snake pit
Conflict marked the emergence of what?
Ethnic Cleansing
In 1989, where did fighting break out?
In Northern Yugoslavia between the Croats and Serbs - Croats forced Serbs out of the Serbian enclaves in Croatia and the Serbs did the same (Beginning of Ethnic Cleansing)
Why did Bosnian Serbs prefer staying within Yugoslavia?
It was likely to be Serb dominant
Who was the Yugoslavian leader after WWII?
Josef Tito
What did the NATO Air Strikes primarily focus on?
Military targets in Ksovo and Serbia, but extended to a wide range of other facilities
Threats of military action by the west over the crisis culminated in the launching of what against who?
NATO Air Strikes against Yugoslavia in March 1999
Who was Slobodan Milosevic?
President of Serbia; was arrested on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity
What led to Alexander I 's violent death? When was his death?
Resentment; 1934
Economic decline in the 1980s
Rising unemployment; rising inflation (2,000% in 1989); republican conflicts (rich vs. poor); republics took over foreign trade
Where were the Winter Olympics of 1984?
Sarajevo
What were the three major groups involved in the ethnic cleansing of Yugoslavia?
Serbs - Orthodox Christians; Croats - Roman Catholics; Bosnians - Muslims
Who most often performed Ethnic Cleansing?
Serbs in Bosnia, but also prscticed by Croats and Muslims
Results of the Break-up of Yugoslavia.
Small, poor, landlocked, lack of resources; politically instable; ethnic composition changed; conflict between "Orthodox World"/ "Islam"
Yugoslavia declared a_____ country in____.
Socialist(communist); 1945
Major Events
Srebrenica, Siege of Sarajevo, Dayton Peace Plan
Communist rule restored what?
Stability
According to a leaked report by the CIA in March 1995, over 90% of ethnic cleansing was carried out by who?
The Serbs
Why did anti - Serb movements rise?
The Serbs still dominated the government after the uniting of the different ethniticities, which combined with an authoritarian monarchy led to -
The Balkan Peninsula contained many overlapping ethnic regions including?
The Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, Slovenians, Montenegrins, Kosovars, and Macedonians.
When did The Ottoman Turks invade the region(to become Yug.)?
at the end of the 14th century
Examples of facilities Nato Air Strikes were targeted at.
bridges, oil refineries, power supplis and communications
Yugoslavia was/meant what?
land of the Southern Slavs
How long did the Turks rule?
the next 500 years after the invaded the land(at the end of the 14th century).
Why did Bosnian Muslims prefer becong independent?
to avoid staying under Serb dominance
What did Bosnian Croats want during the break-up?
to have secession in their parts of Bosnia with support from Croatia
To where did the Austro - Hungarian Empire grow stronger?
to the North
