CELLULAR RESPIRATION/PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Chloroplast

A green organelle found in PLANT CELLS ONLY where photosynthesis occurs. Chloroplasts make glucose for PLANT CELLS ONLY.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy. During cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are broken down in the mitochondria to produce ATP/energy, water and carbon dioxide.

Reactants

A starting material in a chemical reaction.

(Aerobic) Cellular respiration

Cellular process that releases ATP/energy by breaking down glucose with the addition of oxygen. Cellular respiration happens inside of the MITOCHONDRIA of BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS. Aerobic cellular respiration produces 36ATP that the cell will use to perform life functions. Aerobic cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide and water as waste products.

Products

Ending materials in a chemical reaction.

Chlorophyll

Green pigment found in chloroplasts/plant cells that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Main energy source that cells use to perform life functions. Product of cellular respiration. ALL LIVING THINGS TURN CHEMICAL ENERGY IN FOOD/GLUCOSE INTO ATP THAT CAN BE USED TO PERFORM LIFE FUNCTIONS (rrregnts).

Gills

Main organs of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in aquatic/marine animals.

Lungs

Main organs of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in terrestrial animals (NOT insects or arachnids).

Mitochondria

Organelle that converts chemical energy in food into usable compounds (ATP). This organelle performs CELLULAR RESPIRATION to make ATP/CELL ENERGY for both ANIMAL CELLS and PLANT CELLS.

Photosynthesis

Process by which plant cells use sunlight energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy glucose (simple sugar). The chemical energy in glucose is stored in the bonds that hold the atoms together. Photosynthesis happens inside of the CHLOROPLASTS of PLANT CELLS ONLY.

(Anaerobic) cellular respiration

Process in which organisms convert glucose into ATP/energy WITHOUT the use of OXYGEN. Anaerobic cellular respiration does not occur in the mitochondria, it does occur in the cytoplasm. Animal cells can perform anaerobic cellular respiration during times of intense muscle use (human muscle cells produce 2ATP and lactic acid waste as they perform anaerobic cellular respiration). Bacteria can only perform anaerobic cellular respiration since their cells do not contain any mitochondria. Anaerobic cellular respiration produces only 2ATP. Anaerobic cellular respiration in bacteria (or yeast) produces carbon dioxide and alcohol as waste products.

Photosynthesis chemical formula

Reactants (left side of the reaction arrow): Carbon dioxide Sunlight Water Products (right side of the reaction arrow): Oxygen Glucose(food)

Cellular respiration chemical formula

Reactants (left side of the reaction arrow): Glucose Oxygen Products (right side of the reaction arrow): Carbon dioxide Water ATP/ENERGY

stomata and guard cells

Stomata: openings through which carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and other gases pass (Structure of gas exchange in plants). Guard Cells: The two cells that border a stoma. Guard cells change shape to open or close each stoma.

Gas exchange

The process of living things taking in and releasing oxygen and carbon dioxide gases from and into the environment.