Chapter 10

Organic farming is practiced on _____ of U.S. cropland and _____ of European cropland.

0.1%,6-18%

The sale and use of pesticides in the United States is regulated by which agencies?

FDA,EPA, and USDA

Which of the following is a characteristic of polyaquaculture?

Fish and shrimp are raised in ponds along with algae, seaweed, and shellfish.

The majority of soil organic matter is concentrated in the

O and A horizons

Corn prices rose sharply in 2007. This was because

The U.S began using corn to make ethanol

A pheromone is

a species-specific (one species only) chemical sex attractant

All of the following crops are commonly grown in plantation agriculture except

corn

Food security can be improved by

creating programs to reduce poverty and chronic malnutrition, relying on more locally grown food, and cutting down on food waste

Conservation tillage

decreases erosion

What can occur if the productive potential of soil falls by 10% or more, due to extended periods of drought and human activities that degrade topsoil?

desertification

Salt buildup may

eventually make the land unproductive

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

feedlots and shellfish

All of the following health problems are associated with overeating except:

greater susceptibility to disease/ illness and lower productivity and life quality are all health problems

Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developed countries?

industrialized agriculture

Which of the following is a micronutrient, which without sufficient quantities in a diet (not enough) can result in goiter?

iodine

Anemia can be the result of a deficiency in

iron

The process least likely to conserve soil nutrients is

irrigation

Which of the following is central (most important) to most of the efforts to conserve topsoil?

keeping the soil covered by vegetation

All of the following health problems are associated with overeating except:

lower life expectancy, greater susceptibility to disease/ illness, and lower productivity and life quality are all health problems

The largest contributor to the ecological foot print of individuals in affluent (rich) nations is

meat production and consumption

Sustainable agriculture

minimizes soil erosion

In the United States, the use of pesticides has increased 33-fold since 1942. About 31% of crops were lost to pests in the 1940s. Today the percentage food crops lost to pests is

more than in the 1940s, at about 37%

The "dirty dozen" of non-organic foods that contain the highest amount of pesticides include all of the following except

oranges

Commercial inorganic fertilizers contain all of the following active ingredients except

oxygen

The term locavore refers to

people who participate in CSAs and commit to buying locally grown food

Monoculture is a method of growing food that is used only in

polyculture

Which of the following is the root cause of food insecurity?

poverty

Which of the following is the list of macronutrients needed to sustain good health?

protein, carbohydrate, and fats

Ways to produce food more sustainably include all of the following except

reducing soil erosion, restoring soil fertility, reducing soil salinization, and practicing more sustainable aquaculture are all ways

Genetically modified foods

require less fertilizer

Which of the following can lead to desertification?

severe and prolonged drought

Which of the following is not one of the three major types of organic fertilizer?

sewage sludge

The following grains are among the world's major food crops except

soybean

The term chronic malnutrition refers to people who

suffer from lack of protein and other key nutrients

All of the following are diseases related to diet in America today, except

swine flu

Which of the following are not part of organic agriculture practices?

synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically engineered seeds, and feed additives

Which of the following are methods used by farmers to reduce soil erosion?

terracing, strip cropping, alley cropping, and conservation tillage are all methods used

What proportion of food products sold on U.S. supermarket shelves contain some form of genetically engineered crop?

three-quarters

Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries?

traditional agriculture

Which of the following are ways that individuals can support sustainable agriculture through their choices and behaviors?

waste less food, eat locally grown food, eat less meat, and compost food wastes

Most soil erosion is caused by

wind and moving water

According to pesticide proponents (people who support it), pesticides

work fast, increase profit for farmers, save lives, and increase food supplies

Since 1945, approximately _____ species of insects have developed resistance to one or more insecticides.

1,000

Soil in the United States is eroding about _____ times faster than it can form.

17

How many units of energy are required to produce one unit of grain-fed beef?

35

In alley cropping:

Crops are planted between hedgerows of trees or shrubs that are used for fruits or fuelwood.

Which statement is the best fit to describe an aspect of industrialized agriculture?

Inorganic fertilizers are used to provide food for global consumption.

Which of the following is a serious problem associated with the use of modern synthetic pesticides?

Pest organisms can become genetically resistant, they can become extremely expensive for farmers to utilize, these pesticides often kill beneficial insect populations, and they pollute the environment.

A hormone is

a chemical that controls an organism's growth and development

Since 1950, aquaculture production has

increased over 40-fold

Switching to integrated pest management

is opposed by powerful agricultural chemical companies