Chapter 10
Organic farming is practiced on _____ of U.S. cropland and _____ of European cropland.
0.1%,6-18%
The sale and use of pesticides in the United States is regulated by which agencies?
FDA,EPA, and USDA
Which of the following is a characteristic of polyaquaculture?
Fish and shrimp are raised in ponds along with algae, seaweed, and shellfish.
The majority of soil organic matter is concentrated in the
O and A horizons
Corn prices rose sharply in 2007. This was because
The U.S began using corn to make ethanol
A pheromone is
a species-specific (one species only) chemical sex attractant
All of the following crops are commonly grown in plantation agriculture except
corn
Food security can be improved by
creating programs to reduce poverty and chronic malnutrition, relying on more locally grown food, and cutting down on food waste
Conservation tillage
decreases erosion
What can occur if the productive potential of soil falls by 10% or more, due to extended periods of drought and human activities that degrade topsoil?
desertification
Salt buildup may
eventually make the land unproductive
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
feedlots and shellfish
All of the following health problems are associated with overeating except:
greater susceptibility to disease/ illness and lower productivity and life quality are all health problems
Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developed countries?
industrialized agriculture
Which of the following is a micronutrient, which without sufficient quantities in a diet (not enough) can result in goiter?
iodine
Anemia can be the result of a deficiency in
iron
The process least likely to conserve soil nutrients is
irrigation
Which of the following is central (most important) to most of the efforts to conserve topsoil?
keeping the soil covered by vegetation
All of the following health problems are associated with overeating except:
lower life expectancy, greater susceptibility to disease/ illness, and lower productivity and life quality are all health problems
The largest contributor to the ecological foot print of individuals in affluent (rich) nations is
meat production and consumption
Sustainable agriculture
minimizes soil erosion
In the United States, the use of pesticides has increased 33-fold since 1942. About 31% of crops were lost to pests in the 1940s. Today the percentage food crops lost to pests is
more than in the 1940s, at about 37%
The "dirty dozen" of non-organic foods that contain the highest amount of pesticides include all of the following except
oranges
Commercial inorganic fertilizers contain all of the following active ingredients except
oxygen
The term locavore refers to
people who participate in CSAs and commit to buying locally grown food
Monoculture is a method of growing food that is used only in
polyculture
Which of the following is the root cause of food insecurity?
poverty
Which of the following is the list of macronutrients needed to sustain good health?
protein, carbohydrate, and fats
Ways to produce food more sustainably include all of the following except
reducing soil erosion, restoring soil fertility, reducing soil salinization, and practicing more sustainable aquaculture are all ways
Genetically modified foods
require less fertilizer
Which of the following can lead to desertification?
severe and prolonged drought
Which of the following is not one of the three major types of organic fertilizer?
sewage sludge
The following grains are among the world's major food crops except
soybean
The term chronic malnutrition refers to people who
suffer from lack of protein and other key nutrients
All of the following are diseases related to diet in America today, except
swine flu
Which of the following are not part of organic agriculture practices?
synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically engineered seeds, and feed additives
Which of the following are methods used by farmers to reduce soil erosion?
terracing, strip cropping, alley cropping, and conservation tillage are all methods used
What proportion of food products sold on U.S. supermarket shelves contain some form of genetically engineered crop?
three-quarters
Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developing countries?
traditional agriculture
Which of the following are ways that individuals can support sustainable agriculture through their choices and behaviors?
waste less food, eat locally grown food, eat less meat, and compost food wastes
Most soil erosion is caused by
wind and moving water
According to pesticide proponents (people who support it), pesticides
work fast, increase profit for farmers, save lives, and increase food supplies
Since 1945, approximately _____ species of insects have developed resistance to one or more insecticides.
1,000
Soil in the United States is eroding about _____ times faster than it can form.
17
How many units of energy are required to produce one unit of grain-fed beef?
35
In alley cropping:
Crops are planted between hedgerows of trees or shrubs that are used for fruits or fuelwood.
Which statement is the best fit to describe an aspect of industrialized agriculture?
Inorganic fertilizers are used to provide food for global consumption.
Which of the following is a serious problem associated with the use of modern synthetic pesticides?
Pest organisms can become genetically resistant, they can become extremely expensive for farmers to utilize, these pesticides often kill beneficial insect populations, and they pollute the environment.
A hormone is
a chemical that controls an organism's growth and development
Since 1950, aquaculture production has
increased over 40-fold
Switching to integrated pest management
is opposed by powerful agricultural chemical companies
