Ch. 10 Endocrine System

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Hormones from the ___, which travel in tthe hyposeal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary.

Hypothalamus

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is

LH

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by

Negative feedback

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

Parathyroid hormone

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is

ACTH

The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces

Androgens, glucocorticoids, or mineralocorticoids

The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by

Blood calcium ion levels

Increased levels of the hormone ___ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood

Calcitonin

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

Corticosteroids

Hyperthyroidism in infants and can cause developmental delay

Cretinism

Caused by a prolong exposure to cortisol, and results in fat accumulation around the neck

Cushing's disease

Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of

Diabetes mellitus

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is

Epinephrine

Primarily targets the gonads(ovaries and testes)?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the

Pineal gland

Hormones produced by the ___ are derived from molecules to which iodine atoms have been attached

Thyroid gland

Juvenile onset produces little or no insulin, insulin dependent

Type 1 Diabetes

This hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland and travels to its target cells in the kidney to control water retention

ADH

Condition where the pituitary produces too much GH and individuals will exhibit enlarged peripheral parts of the body including head and face

Acromegaly

Hypocortisolism results in bronzed skin, dehydration, and craving salty foods

Addison's disease

What are the 3 stages of GAS, in order of occurrence?

Alarm, Resistence, exhaustion

Sex hormones that are produced by the adrenal cortex

Androgens

Thyroid hormone insuffiency in infancy results in

Cretinism

Hyper secretion of the glucocorticoids causes

Cushing disease

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the General Adaption Syndrome (GAS) is

Epinephrine

This hormone is hypersecreted when the following symptoms occur, high blood pressure and rapid heart rate, palpitations, excessive sweating , high glucose levels, and hypertension

Epinephrine

When glucose levels fall,

Glucagon is released

The hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) are the

Glucocorticoids

The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in

Increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver

Pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels rise

Insulin

The hormone oxytocin

Is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex

The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is

Parathyroid hormone

The endocrine system..

Relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells

Any condition that threatens homeostasis produces ____ in our bodies

Stress

Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce

Testosterone

Disease results from resistance of receptor cells to accept insulin

Type 2 diabetes


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