ch. 15 and 16

which principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect actions

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity

Research finds that when receiving treatment for a substance use problem, the treatment has to last for at least ________ month(s) before a positive outcome is likely to be achieved.

3

About _______ percent of those who seek treatment for a substance use problem tend to relapse and return to using drugs or alcohol after a period of abstinence.

40 to 60

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

95

which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Which child is most likely to receive treatment for her or his psychological challenge?

Stavros, who suffers from ADHD

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms?

severe depressive symptoms

how long does traditional psychoanalysis typically take?

years

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric center are awarded with chips when engaging in positive behaviors. You can later exchange chips for a reward. What is that an example of?

a token economy

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

active listening

which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated from one's core sense of self

which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

being a fan of violent media (movies, television shows, music, etc)

Addiction is often viewed as a(n) ________ disease that can rewire the sufferer's brain.

chronic

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

free association

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

fuge

A particular benefit of ________ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others.

group

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ___________.

manic episodes

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

overgeneralization

which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

psychiatric hospitals

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms with people of what?

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

strategic

what is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

in the African American community, what has been found to play a significant role as an alternate source of support to mental health services?

the church

Which of the following choices is an emphasis of humanistic approaches to psychotherapy?

the client's present and future

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statstical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it which leads her to become depressed.

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

adderall

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd", and prefers the safe and secure feeling or her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ___________.

agoraphobia

___________ disorders are characterized by excessive , persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

anxiety

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for _______.

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails so he rubs some bitter stuff under his nails to make them taste crappy. What technique is he using?

aversive conditioning

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

avoidant personality disorder

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

among older Korean Americans, approximately 14% polled felt that having a mentally ill family member would....

bring shame to the family.

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Roscoe suffers from cocaine use disorder as well as bipolar disorder. The fact that he has two psychiatric diagnoses at once would make his a ________ situation.

comorbid

A psychological disorder is a ___________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

confidentiality

Christine and Susan have been together for 3 years and are thinking about getting married. Lately all they seem to do is fight, as they have trouble communicating over the slightest issue. Both are unhappy and are each thinking that they may need to call off the wedding. They go to see a(n) ________ therapist who might help them work through these communication issues and to help them build collaborative problem-solving strategies.

couples

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine and serotonin

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is _________.

episodic

In medieval times, what would be the most likely form of treatment for someone suffering the symptoms of a psychological illness?

exorcism

how is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

in behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

which of the following is the best example of compulsion?

jordy locks is house exactly 9 times every time he leaves his house to make sure it is locked.

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week, she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________ episode.

manic

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?

narcissistic

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors , emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called __________ symptoms.

negative

People with ______ disorders experience thoughts and urges. that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts

obsessive-compulsive

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depress, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

people with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Dr. Kaplan is working with a Japanese-American client, and regards the client's silence as an indication that he is not happy to be in therapy. He fails to consider that his client has learned that authority figures should be shown deference and that his silence is a sign of respect. Dr. Kaplan is demonstrating ________.

poor cultural competence

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

post-traumatic stress

Martha and Mikey go to meet with a psychotherapist and other parents to learn about their adult son's symptoms of schizophrenia. They spend time discussing the illness, learning to understand his challenges, and getting information about how to most effectively help him recover. This approach is called a ________ group.

psychoeducational

at the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a ____________ disorder

psychotic

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ___________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

safety behaviors

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

Dr. Piccolo is working with a family and determines that the parents do not make rules together and often contradict each other. This leads to confusion among the children who act out because they don't understand what is expected of them in the home. She helps them to get "on the same page" with regard to each family member's place in the home and helps the parents work on their own relationship as co-parents. This is called ________ family therapy.

structural

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.

supernatural

one the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself of heights using a hierarchy of stimuli related to her phobia. Which form of therapy is she using?

systemic desensitization

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder