ch 22 review questions
mechanisms by which cutting tools wear during machining (5)
abrasion, adhesion, diffusion, chemical rxn, plastic deformation
principle lubricating mechanisms by which cutting fluids work?
boundary and extreme pressure lubrication
mechanically clamped insert inserts of ___ and __ ___ are clamped mechanically to the tool ___ cannot be easily replaced
carbide, cemented carbide, shank
Common thin coating compounds on the surface of coated carbide (3)
(titanium nitride) TiN, (titanium carbide) TiC, (aluminum oxide) Al2O3
what is the chemical formula of the ceramic material used in almost all ceramic cutting tools?
Al2O3 (aluminum oxide)
ingredients in steel cutting grades
TiC or TaC; WC-Co
non steel cutting grades
WC and Cobalt
during cutting ops of steel/ferrous metals with diamond cutting tools, the ___ atoms in the diamond react with the ___ atoms in the material and changes its ____ which is not desirable
carbon, ferrous, composition
___ ____ are extensively used as cutting tools for machining hard materials
cemented carbides
brazed insert generally ___ ___ materials are brazed to the solid ___ of the tool
cemented carbides, shank
WC-Co in NON steel cutting grades ___ carbides suitable for machining operations of ___ ___ ___ __ and other ___ metals (5) 3-12% Cobalt content in ___ carbides
cemented, aluminum, brass, copper, magnesium, nonferrous
2 types of cutting fluid
coolant, lubricant
4 categories of cutting fluid
cutting & emulsified oils, chemical & semi chemical fluids
tool life criteria used in production machining operations? (5)
cutting time, sound problems, fingernail test, bad surface finish, high power consumption
methods to apply cutting fluid in machining operation (3)
flooding, misting, manual op
3 modes of tool failure
fracture, temp, gradual wear
solid tool tool geometry shape is made by ___ the ___ ___ of tool
grinding, solid shank
WC-Co in steel cutting grades possesses the properties of high _____ and good ____ due to the presence of __ grain sizes of various ___ ingredients
hardness, toughness, fine, carbide
coolants are used as cutting fluid to minimize the effects of ___
heat
advantages of cutting fluids FILTER (4)
less to dispose, lower maint of tool, longer tool life, less health hazards
2 principal aspects of cutting tool technology
material, geometry
problems with dry machining (4)
no chip removal, overheating, low quality, expensive
lubricants are __ based fluids used to reduce ___, transfer ___, transmit ___, and prevent ___ between interfaces
oil, friction, heat, power, rust
ceramic material possesses properties of low __ and ___ strength but excellent ___ strength during cutting, this property is best used with a ___ rake angle to load the tool in ___ state
shear, tensile, compressive
3 alternative ways of holding and presenting the cutting edge for a single point tool
solid tool, brazed insert, mechanically clamped insert
cermet are widely used due to its high ___ ___ and ___
temp resist, hardness
2 principal locations on a cutting tool where tool wear occurs?
top rake face, flank
desirable properties of a cutting tool? (3)
toughness, hot hardness, wear resistance
(5) principal alloying ingredients in high speed steel (HSS)
tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, carbon, chromium
Titanium/tantalum carbide (TiC) or (TaC) increases ___ ___ for process of steel cutting, but it affects ___ ___ resistance for NON STEEL CUTTING use
wear resist, flank wear